LanguageDCAT-AP

Abstract

LanguageDCAT-AP caters for the description of language data, language models and language technology services.

These are also referred to as "language resources" or "language resources and technologies". As defined in the META-SHARE ontology, a "language resouce" is "a resource composed of linguistic material used in the construction, improvement and/or evaluation of language processing applications, but also, in a broader sense, in language and language-mediated research studies and applications; the term is used with a broader meaning, encompassing (a) data sets (textual, multimodal/multimedia and lexical data, grammars, language models, etc.) in machine readable form, and (b) tools/technologies/services used for their processing and management."

Work on LanguageDCAT-AP was initiated in the Common European Language Data Space (LDS), but it is based on a long history of activities carried out in the context of infrastructures intended for the sharing of language resources. LanguageDCAT-AP is, thus, designed with a wider scope covering broader description needs in the Language Data, Language Technology and Language-centric Artificial Intelligence domain.

Licence

All material in this repository is published under the license CC-BY 4.0, unless explicitly otherwise mentioned.

Context

One of the main objectives of LanguageDCAT-AP is to cover the requirements of exchanging language data and models in the context of the Common European Language Data Space and, as such, takes into account the building principles and specifications of data spaces. The most notable ones are the Data Space Protocol (DSP) and the IDS Reference Architecture Model (RAM, version 4 at the time of writing). Other data spaces initiatives, especially Gaia-X and its specifications (cf., Gaia-X architecture document), and the Data Spaces Support Centre (DSSC), with its Blueprint (version 2.0 at the time of writing), bear a strong influence on the design of LanguageDCAT-AP.

For semantic interoperability purposes, data spaces initiatives recommend the use of DCAT [[vocab-dcat-3]] for the description of catalogues, datasets and data services, and [[ODRL]] for the representation of policies. Specific data spaces have further adopted and extend [[DCAT-AP]] to their domains needs (cf., for instance, mobilityDCAT-AP and HealthDCAT-AP). LDS carries on along these steps, and to this end, closely collaborates with the SEMIC team.

The language technology community has specific needs and demands that lead to the adaptation and extension of DCAT-AP and, for models, MLDCAT-AP. Compatibility with the aforemetioned specifications and guidelines, as well as implementation requirements impose further constraints on the way these two models are deployed in LanguageDCAT-AP. Differences are manifested in the data type used for properties, the cardinality of properties, the recommended controlled vocabularies as well as the introduction of new classes and properties. These differences are documented in the descriptions of classes and properties in the following sections, while this section presents a subset thereof for illustration purposes.

The "language" property is of utmost importance for the description of language data. Therefore, it is mandatory for all resources. It is also distinguished in various types of (sub)properties: referring to the language used for the contents of a dataset, the source/target language of bi-/multilingual datasets, the metalanguage used in lexica and grammars to describe a language, the language(s) of the dataset that a service can process, etc.; these properties can be used, together with the mandatory property, to provide a more detailed account of the resource that is described. Moreover, although the use of the vocabulary recommended in DCAT-AP (EU authority language vocabulary) for the assignment of language values is crucial for interoperability purposes, it does not capture the desired precision for the language community. Thus, in addition to the mandatory "dct:language" property, that takes values from this vocabulary, and fulfills the interoperability needs, the "ms:language" property, that implements the BCP 47 standard [[rfc5646]] is obligatorily used, together with the optional "ms:languageVarietyName" property that encodes language variants, dialects, jargons, etc. in free text.

Language equality is obviously a foundational principle for the language community, hence the requisite to ensure that metadata descriptions of language resources can be offered in all languages with the proper encoding. LanguageDCAT-AP supports multilinguality by dictating the use of "rdf:langString" for all free text properties.

The use of community-specific vocabularies, as, for instance, for size units that can be used to measure the size of datasets (e.g., words, sentences for datasets, terms for terminological glossaries, concepts for ontologies, etc.), for the functions of language models (e.g., annotation, sentiment analysis, machine translation, etc.) is combined with community-specific properties.

It is important to stress that LT services are represented with a distinct class from that of Data services as their description needs impose a richer and more complex set of properties. The fact that they are not linked to specific datasets but can be used to process different types of data and enrich them with new information, or retrieve from them information and/or generate new resources reinforces the arguments for their separate treatment.

Terminology

An Application Profile is a data specification aimed to facilitate the data exchange in a well-defined application context. It re-uses concepts from one or more semantic data specifications, while adding more specificity, by identifying mandatory, recommended, and optional elements, addressing particular application needs, and providing recommendations for controlled vocabularies to be used. More information can be found on the SEMIC Style Guide. [Definition from MLDCAT-AP]

A dataset represents a collection of data, published or curated by a single agent or identifiable community. [Definition from [[vocab-dcat-3]]]

A language resource is a resource composed of linguistic material used in the construction, improvement and/or evaluation of language processing applications, but also, in a broader sense, in language and language-mediated research studies and applications; the term is used with a broader meaning, encompassing (a) data sets (textual, multimodal/multimedia and lexical data, grammars, language models, etc.) in machine readable form, and (b) tools/technologies/services used for their processing and management. [Definition from META-SHARE]

A language resource is further distinguished into:

corpora: structured collections of pieces of data (textual, audio, video, multimodal/multimedia, etc.) typically of considerable size and selected according to criteria external to the data (e.g., size, type of language, type of text producers or expected audience, etc.) to represent as comprehensively as possible the object of study;
lexical/conceptual resources: datasets organised on the basis of lexical or conceptual entries (lexical items, terms, concepts, etc.) with their supplementary information (e.g., grammatical, semantic, statistical information, etc.)
machine learning models: model artifacts created through a training process involving a Machine Learning (ML) algorithm (that is, the learning algorithm) and the training data to learn from;
language technology tools/services: tools/services/any piece of software that performs language processing and/or any Language Technology related operation;
computational grammars and other language descriptions, i.e., resources that formally describe a language.

Initially, models were considered under the class of "language descriptions", but given the way they have evolved, especially with the advent of Large Language Models (LLMs), they have been recognised as a distinct category.

Used prefixes

LanguageDCAT-AP is a semantic specification, where each class and property has an URI. The prefixed form of the URI, can be found in part in the class diagram and in the quick reference table at the bottom, while, for ease of reading, full URI can be found in the hyperlink of each class and property. This specification uses the following prefixes to shorten the URIs for readability:

Prefix	Namespace IRI
`adms`	`http://www.w3.org/ns/adms#`
`at`	`http://publications.europa.eu/ontology/authority/`
`cc`	`http://creativecommons.org/ns#`
`dc`	`http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/`
`dcat`	`http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#`
`dcatlds`	`http://w3id.org/lang-dcat-ap/`
`dct`	`http://purl.org/dc/terms/`
`dpv`	`https://w3id.org/dpv#`
`foaf`	`http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/`
`it6`	`http://data.europa.eu/it6/`
`lexbib`	`https://lexbib.elex.is/entity/`
`lds`	`https://language-data-space.eu/entity/`
`lexmeta`	`http://w3id.org/meta-share/lexmeta#`
`ms`	`http://w3id.org/meta-share/meta-share/`
`odrl`	`http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/`
`omtd`	`http://w3id.org/meta-share/omtd-share/`
`owl`	`http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#`
`prov`	`http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#`
`rdf`	`http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#`
`rdfs`	`http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#`
`schema`	`http://schema.org/`
`skos`	`http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#`
`vann`	`http://purl.org/vocab/vann/`
`wikidata`	`http://www.wikidata.org/entity/`
`xml`	`http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace`
`xsd`	`http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#`

**WARNING**: LanguageDCAT-AP v0.9.1 used the "http://www.nlpli.gr/dcat-lds#" namespace for its own defined elements, which has now been replaced with: "http://w3id.org/lang-dcat-ap/".

Overview

**TODO: CHANGE DIAGRAM** The following diagram gives an overview of LanguageDCAT-AP. For simplicity sake, only classes whose properties are specified by the profile are displayed as separate entities.

Main entities

The main entities are those that form the core of the Application Profile.

The properties and their associated constraints that apply in the context of this profile are listed in a tabular form. Each row corresponds to one property. In addition to the constraints also cross-references are provided to DCAT-AP, and MLDCAT-AP. To save space, the following abbreviations are used:

DCAT-AP [A]: reused as-is defined and expressed in DCAT-AP
DCAT-AP [E]: reused with additional usage notes or additional restrictions compared to DCAT-AP
MLDCAT-AP [A]: reused as-is defined and expressed in MLDCAT-AP
MLDCAT-AP [E]: reused with additional usage notes or additional restrictions compared to MLDCAT-AP
P: LanguageDCAT-AP profile specific extension where DCAT-AP and MLDCAT-AP had no requirements earlier

This reuse qualification assessment is with respect to a specific version of the two profiles. Therefore it may vary over time when new versions thereof are created.

Agent

Definition: An agent (person or organisation) carrying out activities related to the Catalogue and Catalogued resources.
Reference: DCAT-AP [E]
Usage Note: Class used as an abstract class. Only the subclasses Organisation and Person should be used in a data exchange.
Properties: This specification does not impose any additional requirements to properties for this entity.

Catalogue

Definition: A catalogue or repository that hosts the Catalogued Resources being described.
Reference: DCAT-AP [A]
Properties: For this entity the following properties are defined: creator , dataset , description , homepage , identifier , keyword , licence , modification date , publisher , record , release date , service , title .

Property	Range	Cardinality	Definition	Usage	Reference
creator	Agent	0..n	An entity responsible for the creation of the Catalogue.		DCAT-AP [A]
dataset	Dataset	0..n	A Dataset that is part of the Catalogue.		DCAT-AP [A]
description	langstring	1..n	A free-text account of the Catalogue.	This property can be repeated for parallel language versions of the description.	DCAT-AP [A]
homepage	Document	0..1	A web page that acts as the main page for the Catalogue.		DCAT-AP [A]
identifier	Literal	0..1	A unique identifier of the resource being described or cataloged.		MLDCAT-AP [A]
keyword	langstring	0..n	A keyword or tag describing the resource.		MLDCAT-AP [A]
licence	Licence Document	0..1	A licence under which the Catalogue can be used or reused.		DCAT-AP [A]
modification date	Temporal Literal	0..1	The most recent date on which the Catalogue was modified.		DCAT-AP [A]
publisher	Agent	1	An entity (organisation) responsible for making the Catalogue available.	In case multiple organisations are considered the publishers of the catalogue, it is recommended to use foaf:Group to bundle them into one entity.	DCAT-AP [A]
Catalogue Record	Catalogue Record	0..n	A Catalogue Record that is part of the Catalogue.		DCAT-AP [A]
release date	Temporal Literal	0..1	The date of formal issuance (e.g., publication) of the Catalogue.		DCAT-AP [A]
service	Data Service	0..n	A site or end-point (Data Service) that is listed in the Catalogue.		DCAT-AP [A]
title	langstring	1..n	A name given to the Catalogue.	This property can be repeated for parallel language versions of the name.	DCAT-AP [E]

Corpus

Definition: A structured collection of pieces of data (textual, audio, video, multimodal/multimedia, etc.) typically of considerable size and selected according to criteria external to the data (e.g., size, type of language, type of text producers or expected audience, etc.) to represent as comprehensively as possible the object of study.
Reference: No reference.
Subclass of: Dataset
Usage Note: Corpus is a subclass of dcat:Dataset. It is recommended to use this instead of the Dataset class.
Properties

For this entity the following properties are defined: alternative, annotation type, anonymization details, anonymized, conforms to, corpus subclass, data protection principle applied, description, detailed language, distribution, domain, has policy, has technical organisational measure, identifier, IPR holder, is documented by, keyword, language,license, linguality type, LR type, modality type, multilinguality type, other identifier, personal data details, personal data included, pivot language, publisher, special category data details, special category data included, source language, spatial, target language, temporal, title, version

Property	Range	Cardinality	Definition	Usage	Controlled vocabulary	Reference
alternative	langString	0..n	An alternative name for the resource.	It is recommended to use "dct:title" for the full name of a dataset and "dct:alternative" for the short name. This property can be repeated for parallel language versions of the property. The language tag is mandatory and is defined by BCP47 [[rfc5646]].		P
annotation type	AnnotationType	0..n	Specifies the annotation type of the annotated version(s) of a resource or the annotation type a tool/ service requires or produces as an output		OMTD annotation type vocabulary	P
anonymization details	langString	0..n	If the resource has been anonymised, this field can be used for entering more information, e.g., tool or method used for the anonymisation, by whom it has been performed, whether there was any check of the results, etc.	This property can be repeated for parallel language versions of the property. The language tag is mandatory and is defined by BCP47 [[rfc5646]].		P
anonymized	Anonymized	1..1	Indicates whether the language resource has been anonymised; anonymous data is information which does not relate to an identified or identifiable natural person or to personal data rendered anonymous in such a manner that the data subject is not or no longer identifiable		META-SHARE anonymised vocabulary	P
conforms to	Standard	0..n	An established standard to which the described resource conforms		META-SHARE vocabulary of standards and best practices	DCAT-AP [E]
corpus subclass	CorpusSubclass	0..1	Introduces a classification of corpora into types (used for descriptive reasons)		META-SHARE corpus subclass vocabulary	P
data protection principle applied	DataProtectionPrinciple	0..n	Specifies the data protection principles that have been applied in compliance with the General Data Protection Regulation (Regulation (EU) 2016/679)		META-SHARE Data Protection Principle vocabulary	P
description	langString	1..n	An account of the resource	This property can be repeated for parallel language versions of the property. The language tag is mandatory and is defined by BCP47 [[rfc5646]].		DCAT-AP [E]
detailed language	Language	1..n	Specifies the language that is used in the resource or supported by the tool/service expressed according to the BCP47 recommendation	This property takes a value in compliance with the BCP47 recommendation and, thus, allows for the detailed description of the language (e.g., British English, Brazilian Portuguese, Greek written with the Latin script, etc.). It must be conformant with the value of "dct:language".		P
distribution	Distribution	1..n	An available distribution of the dataset			DCAT-AP [E]
domain	Domain	0..n	Identifies the domain according to which an entity is classified		META-SHARE vocabulary of domains	P
has policy	Policy	1..n	Identifies an ODRL Policy for which the identified Asset is the target Asset to all the Rules	This property is used for "policies", i.e. the machine-readable representation of the licensing terms under which a dataset/distribution is made available. The representation MUST be expressed in the ODRL vocabulary.		P
has Technical Organisational Measure	TechnicalOrganisationalMeasure	0..n	Indicates use or applicability of Technical or Organisational measure		META-SHARE Technical and Organisational Measure vocabulary	P
identifier	Literal	0..1	An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context	The main identifier for the resource, e.g. the URI or other unique identifier in the context of the Catalogue. It MUST be automatically assigned by the system when adding the resource to the Catalogue.		DCAT-AP [A]
IPR holder	Agent	0..n	A person or an organisation who holds the full Intellectual Property Rights (Copyright, trademark, etc.) that subsist in the resource. The IPR holder could be different from the creator that may have assigned the rights to the IPR holder (e.g., an author as a creator assigns her rights to the publisher who is the IPR holder) and the distributor that holds a specific licence (i.e. a permission) to distribute the work via a specific distributor.	The IPR holder may be identical in many cases with the Publisher of the resource (see property dct:publisher). In this case, the contact data MAY be copied from the corresponding Publisher entries. There might be also cases with non-identical entities: e.g., when one or several IPR Holders assign another entity as the Publisher responsible for producing, hosting and publishing a resource; such entities may be, for instance, a data distribution agency, or a specific partner representing a project consortium. The subproperty ms:iprHolder is preferred over dct:rightsHolder in order to differentiate with other types of rights (e.g. distribution rights).		P
is documented by	Document	0..n	Links a language resource to a document (e.g., research paper describing its contents or its use in a project, user manual, etc.) or any other form of documentation (e.g., a URL with support information) that is related to the resource			P
keyword	langString	1..n	A keyword or tag describing a resource	This property can be repeated for parallel language versions of the property. The language tag is mandatory and is defined by BCP47 [[rfc5646]].		DCAT-AP [E]
language	Linguistic System	1..n	A language of the resource.	This property is used for the language of the contents of a dataset and takes a value only for the language proper, without any reference to script, regional variant, etc. It caters for semantic interoperability with other catalogues, yet fails to capture the full language details that are required for language data. For a more detailed description, the "ms:languge" property is preferred, but the two values must be aligned.	The EU Authority languages vocabulary (http://publications.europa.eu/resource/dataset/language) and, if not covered, the lexvo vocabulary for languages (http://lexvo.org/)	DCAT-AP [A]
license	LicenseDocument	1..n	A legal document giving official permission to do something with the resource	This property refers to a "licence", i.e. a human readable text with legal code, with which the resource/distribution is made available. This property SHOULD refer to a concrete standard or proprietary licence, so that the data users can assess the licence conditions in human-readable format before using the data.		P
linguality type	LingualityType	1..1	Indicates whether the resource includes one, two or more languages		META-SHARE linguality type vocabulary	P
lrType	LR type	1..1	Specifies the type of a language resource	This element allows for a more fine-grained categorisation of datasets into 'corpora' (collections of data files in text, audio, video and/or image modality), 'lexical/conceptual resources' (e.g., lexica, vocabularies, gazetteers, terminological lexica, etc.) and 'grammars'. Note: In the META-SHARE ontology, models and grammars are grouped as "language descriptions" and included as subclasses of datasets. Given the evolution of Machine Learning Models, this has been revisited and models are included as a separate subclass distinguished from datasets.	META-SHARE language resource type vocabulary	P
modality type	Modality Type	1..n	Specifies the media type of a language resource (the physical medium of the contents representation) or of the input/output of a language processing tool/service; each media type is described through a distinctive set of technical features; a language resource may consist of different media parts		META-SHARE media type vocabulary	P
multilinguality type	Multilinguality Type	0..1	Indicates whether the resource (part) is parallel, comparable or mixed		META-SHARE linguality type vocabulary	P
other identifier	Identifier	0..n	Links a resource to an adms:Identifier class.	This property MAY be used as an additional identifier for existing identifiers used for the same resource in other Catalogues (e.g. DOI, ISLRN, DataCite, Handle PIDs)		DCAT-AP [A]
personal data details	langString	0..n	If the resource includes personal data, this field can be used for entering more information, e.g., whether special handling of the resource is required (e.g., anonymisation, further request for use, etc.)	This property can be repeated for parallel language versions of the property. The language tag is mandatory and is defined by BCP47 [[rfc5646]].		P
personal data included	Personal Data Included	1..1	Specifies whether the language resource contains personal data, i.e., any information relating to an identified or identifiable natural person (data subject); an identifiable natural person is one who can be identified, directly or indirectly, in particular by reference to an identifier such as a name, an identification number, location data, an online identifier or to one or more factors specific to the physical, physiological, genetic, mental, economic, cultural or social identity of that natural person [Article 4(1) of the General Data Protection Regulation (Regulation (EU) 2016/679)]	This property MUST be filled in for all non-anonymised datasets. If a dataset is anonymised, it is presumed that it contains no personal and sensitive data	META-SHARE personal data included vocabulary	P
pivot language	Language	0..n	The language acting as an intermediary for translations between many languages			P
publisher	Agent	1..1	An entity responsible for making the resource available	This property refers to the entity that "publishes", i.e. makes available to the specific platform, the corresponding resource. The information may be identical to the property ms:iprHolder of the resource.		DCAT-AP [E]
special category data details	langString	0..n	If the resource includes special category data, this field can be used for entering more information, e.g., whether special handling of the resource is required (e.g., anonymisation, further request for use, etc.)	This property can be repeated for parallel language versions of the property. The language tag is mandatory and is defined by BCP47 [[rfc5646]].		P
special category data included	Special Category Data Included	1..1	Specifies whether the language resource contains special category data, i.e., personal data revealing racial or ethnic origin, political opinions, religious or philosophical beliefs, or trade union membership, and the processing of genetic data, biometric data for the purpose of uniquely identifying a natural person, data concerning health or data concerning a natural person’s sex life or sexual orientation [Article 9(1) of the General Data Protection Regulation (Regulation (EU) 2016/679)]	This property MUST be filled in for all non-anonymised datasets. If a dataset is anonymised, it is presumed that it contains no personal and sensitive data	META-SHARE Special Category Data Included vocabulary	P
sourceLanguage	Language	0..n	The language from which a translation is made.			P
spatial	Location	0..n	Spatial characteristics of the resource	A geographic region that is covered by the dataset. For language data, this refers to the geographic region where the language of the dataset is spoken/written and not where the dataset was implemented; for instance, in the case of a German institution creating a dataset of Cypriot Greek, the geographic region is "Cyprus".	The EU Vocabularies Continents Named Authority List for continents (http://publications.europa.eu/resource/dataset/continent), countries (http://publications.europa.eu/resource/dataset/country), places (http://publications.europa.eu/resource/dataset/place) and, if not covered, GeoNames (https://www.geonames.org/)	DCAT-AP [A]
target language	Language	0..n	The language into which a translation is made			P
temporal	PeriodOfTime	0..n	Temporal characteristics of the resource	A temporal period that the contents of a dataset cover. For language data, this can be the time period in which the language of a dataset is spoken.		DCAT-AP [A]
title	langString	1..n	A name given to the resource	This property can be repeated for parallel language versions of the property. The language tag is mandatory and is defined by BCP47 [[rfc5646]].		DCAT-AP [E]
version	string	1..1	The version indicator (name or identifier) of a resource	This property MUST contain a version number or other version designation of the dataset. It is recommended to follow W3C Data on the Web Best Practices [DWBP]. Version identifiers should enable comparison of versions and distinguishing major from minor versions, such as Semantic Versioning [SEMVER].		DCAT-AP [E]

Data Service

Definition: A site or end-point providing operations related to the discovery of, access to, or processing functions on, data or related resources.
Reference: DCAT-AP [A]
Subclass of: Catalogued Resource
Properties: For this entity the following properties are defined: endpoint description, endpoint URL, title, type

Property	Range	Cardinality	Definition	Usage	Reference
endpoint description	langString	0..n	A description of the service end-point, including its operations, parameters etc.	This property can be repeated for parallel language versions of the property. The language tag is mandatory and is defined by BCP47 [[rfc5646]].	DCAT-AP [E]
endpoint URL	Resource	1..1	The root location or primary endpoint of the service (a web-resolvable IRI).		DCAT-AP [E]
title	langString	0..n	The name of the data service	This property can be repeated for parallel language versions of the property. The language tag is mandatory and is defined by BCP47 [[rfc5646]].	DCAT-AP [E]
type	Concept	0..1	Type of the data service	This property is specific to Data Spaces; it helps differentiate between connectors and real data services (e.g., SPARQL query services) and for the time being is restricted to a fixed value (http://w3id.org/lang-dcat-ap/connector)	P

Dataset

Definition: A collection of data, published or curated by a single agent, and available for access or download in one or more representations.
Reference: DCAT-AP [A]
Usage Note: Class used as an abstract class. Only the subclasses Corpus and Lexical/Conceptual Resource should be used in a data exchange.
Properties: This specification does not impose any additional requirements to properties for this entity.

Distribution

Definition: A specific representation of a dataset. A dataset might be available in multiple serialisations that may differ in various ways, including natural language, media-type or format, schematic organisation, temporal and spatial resolution, level of detail or profiles (which might specify any or all of the above).
Reference: DCAT-AP [A]
Properties: For this entity the following properties are defined: access service, access URL, byte size, download URL, format, has policy, license, media type, package format, size, title

Property	Range	Cardinality	Definition	Usage	Controlled vocabulary	Reference
access service	DataService	1..1	A site or end-point that gives access to the distribution of the dataset			DCAT-AP [E]
access URL	Resource	0..n	A URL of a resource that gives access to a distribution of the dataset, e.g. landing page, feed, SPARQL endpoint. Use for all cases except for direct download links, in which case dcat:downloadURL is preferred.			DCAT-AP [E]
byte size	nonNegativeInteger	1..1	The size of a distribution in bytes.			DCAT-AP [E]
download URL	Resource	1..1	The URL of the downloadable file in a given format. E.g. CSV file or RDF file. The format is indicated by the distribution's dct:format and/or dcat:mediaType.			DCAT-AP [E]
format	Media Type Or Extent	1..n	The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource	dcat:mediaType SHOULD be used when the media type of the distribution is defined in IANA [IANA-MEDIA-TYPES], otherwise dcterms:format MAY be used with different values.	OMTD-SHARE vocabulary of data formats	DCAT-AP [E]
has policy	Policy	1..n	Identifies an ODRL Policy for which the identified Asset is the target Asset to all the Rules	This property is used for "policies", i.e. the machine-readable representation of the licensing terms under which a dataset/distribution is made available. The representation MUST be expressed in the ODRL vocabulary.		DCAT-AP [E]
license	License Document	1..n	A legal document giving official permission to do something with the resource	This property refers to a "licence", i.e. a human readable text with legal code, with which the resource/distribution is made available. This property SHOULD refer to a concrete standard or proprietary licence, so that the data users can assess the licence conditions in human-readable format before using the data.		DCAT-AP [E]
media type	Media Type	0..n	The media type of the distribution as defined by IANA [IANA-MEDIA-TYPES].	dcat:mediaType SHOULD be used when the media type of the distribution is defined in IANA [IANA-MEDIA-TYPES], otherwise dcterms:format MAY be used with different values.	IANA-MEDIA-TYPES vocabulary	DCAT-AP [E]
package format	Media Type	0..1	The package format of the distribution in which one or more data files are grouped together, e.g. to enable a set of related files to be downloaded together.		OMTD-SHARE vocabulary of package formats	DCAT-AP [E]
size	Size	1..n	Specifies the size of a countable entity with regard to the SizeUnit measurement in form of a number			P
title	langString	0..n	A name given to the resource	This property can be repeated for parallel language versions of the property. The language tag is mandatory and is defined by BCP47 [[rfc5646]].		DCAT-AP [E]

Language

Definition: A linguistic system that follows for its encoding the BCP47 recommendation.
Reference: No reference
Subclass of: Linguistic System
Properties: For this entity the following properties are defined: language code, language tag, language variety name, region, script, variant

Property	Range	Cardinality	Definition	Usage	Controlled vocabulary	Reference
language code	Language Code	1..1	Used to specify the first part of a language tag according to the BCP47 recommendation which indicates the language		META-SHARE language vocabulary	P
language tag	string	1..1	The identifier of a language, according to the IETF BCP47 guidelines	This is automatically built from the values of the four language subtags (language, script, region and variant) provided by the user		P
language variety name	langString	0..n	A textual string used for referring to a language variety	This property can be repeated for parallel language versions of the property. The language tag is mandatory and is defined by BCP47 [[rfc5646]].		P
region	Region	0..1	Specifies the geographical region where a language is used according to the BCP47 recommendation		META-SHARE location vocabulary	P
script	Script	0..1	Specifies the script used for writing a language		META-SHARE script vocabulary	P
variant	Variant	0..n	Specifies a variant for a language according to the BCP-47 recommendation		META-SHARE variants vocabulary	P

Lexical/Conceptual Resource

Definition: A resource organised on the basis of lexical or conceptual entries (lexical items, terms, concepts, etc.) with their supplementary information (e.g., grammatical, semantic, statistical information, etc.)
Reference: No reference.
Subclass of: Dataset
Usage Note: Lexical/Conceptual resource is a subclass of dcat:Dataset. It is recommended to use this instead of the Dataset class.
Properties: For this entity the following properties are defined: alternative, anonymization details, anonymized, conforms to, data protection principle applied, description, detailed language, distribution, domain, has original source, has policy, has technical organisational measure, identifier, IPR holder, is documented by, keyword, language, LCR subclass, license, linguality type, linguistic information, LR type, metaLanguage, modality type, multilinguality type, original source description, other identifier, personal data details, personal data included, pivot language, publisher, special category data details, special category data included, source language, spatial, target language, temporal, title, version

Property	Range	Cardinality	Definition	Usage	Controlled vocabulary	Reference
alternative	langString	0..n	An alternative name for the resource.	It is recommended to use "dct:title" for the full name of a dataset and "dct:alternative" for the short name. This property can be repeated for parallel language versions of the property. The language tag is mandatory and is defined by BCP47 [[rfc5646]].		P
anonymization details	langString	0..n	If the resource has been anonymised, this field can be used for entering more information, e.g., tool or method used for the anonymisation, by whom it has been performed, whether there was any check of the results, etc.	This property can be repeated for parallel language versions of the property. The language tag is mandatory and is defined by BCP47 [[rfc5646]].		P
anonymized	Anonymized	1..1	Indicates whether the language resource has been anonymised; anonymous data is information which does not relate to an identified or identifiable natural person or to personal data rendered anonymous in such a manner that the data subject is not or no longer identifiable		META-SHARE anonymised vocabulary	P
conforms to	Standard	0..n	An established standard to which the described resource conforms		META-SHARE vocabulary of standards and best practices	DCAT-AP [E]
data protection principle applied	DataProtectionPrinciple	0..n	Specifies the data protection principles that have been applied in compliance with the General Data Protection Regulation (Regulation (EU) 2016/679)		META-SHARE Data Protection Principle vocabulary	P
description	langString	1..n	An account of the resource	This property can be repeated for parallel language versions of the property. The language tag is mandatory and is defined by BCP47 [[rfc5646]].		DCAT-AP [E]
language	Language	1..n	Specifies the language that is used in the resource or supported by the tool/service expressed according to the BCP47 recommendation	This property takes a value in compliance with the BCP47 recommendation and, thus, allows for the detailed description of the language (e.g., British English, Brazilian Portuguese, Greek written with the Latin script, etc.). It must be conformant with the value of "dct:language".		P
distribution	Distribution	1..n	An available distribution of the dataset			DCAT-AP [E]
domain	Domain	0..n	Identifies the domain according to which an entity is classified		META-SHARE vocabulary of domains	P
has original source	Dataset	0..n	Links a language resource to the original source that has been used for its creation, where it's derived or elicited from			P
has policy	Policy	1..n	Identifies an ODRL Policy for which the identified Asset is the target Asset to all the Rules	This property is used for "policies", i.e. the machine-readable representation of the licensing terms under which a dataset/distribution is made available. The representation MUST be expressed in the ODRL vocabulary.		P
has technical organisational measure	Technical Organisational Measure	0..n	Indicates use or applicability of Technical or Organisational measure		META-SHARE Technical and Organisational Measure vocabulary	P
identifier	Literal	0..1	An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context	The main identifier for the resource, e.g. the URI or other unique identifier in the context of the Catalogue. It MUST be automatically assigned by the system when adding the resource to the Catalogue.		DCAT-AP [A]
IPR holder	Agent	0..n	A person or an organisation who holds the full Intellectual Property Rights (Copyright, trademark, etc.) that subsist in the resource. The IPR holder could be different from the creator that may have assigned the rights to the IPR holder (e.g., an author as a creator assigns her rights to the publisher who is the IPR holder) and the distributor that holds a specific licence (i.e. a permission) to distribute the work via a specific distributor.	The IPR holder may be identical in many cases with the Publisher of the resource (see property dct:publisher). In this case, the contact data MAY be copied from the corresponding Publisher entries. There might be also cases with non-identical entities: e.g., when one or several IPR Holders assign another entity as the Publisher responsible for producing, hosting and publishing a resource; such entities may be, for instance, a data distribution agency, or a specific partner representing a project consortium. The subproperty ms:iprHolder is preferred over dct:rightsHolder in order to differentiate with other types of rights (e.g. distribution rights).		P
is documented by	Document	0..n	Links a language resource to a document (e.g., research paper describing its contents or its use in a project, user manual, etc.) or any other form of documentation (e.g., a URL with support information) that is related to the resource			P
keyword	langString	1..n	A keyword or tag describing a resource	This property can be repeated for parallel language versions of the property. The language tag is mandatory and is defined by BCP47 [[rfc5646]].		DCAT-AP [E]
language	LinguisticSystem	1..n	A language of the resource.	This property is used for the language of the contents of a dataset and takes a value only for the language proper, without any reference to script, regional variant, etc. It caters for semantic interoperability with other catalogues, yet fails to capture the full language details that are required for language data. For a more detailed description, the "ms:languge" property is preferred, but the two values must be aligned.	The EU Authority languages vocabulary (http://publications.europa.eu/resource/dataset/language) and, if not covered, the lexvo vocabulary for languages (http://lexvo.org/)	DCAT-AP [A]
LCR subclass	LCR Subclass	0..1	Introduces a classification of lexical/conceptual resources into types (used for descriptive reasons)		META-SHARE lexical subclasses vocabulary	P
license	License Document	1..n	A legal document giving official permission to do something with the resource.	This property refers to a "licence", i.e. a human readable text with legal code, with which the resource/distribution is made available. This property SHOULD refer to a concrete standard or proprietary licence, so that the data users can assess the licence conditions in human-readable format before using the data.		P
linguality type	Linguality Type	1..1	Indicates whether the resource includes one, two or more languages		META-SHARE linguality type vocabulary	P
linguistic information	Microstructure Feature	0..n	Provides a detailed account of the linguistic information contained in the lexical/conceptual resource		LexMeta vocabulary for microstructure features	P
LR type	LR Type	1..1	Specifies the type of a language resource	This element allows for a more fine-grained categorisation of datasets into 'corpora' (collections of data files in text, audio, video and/or image modality), 'lexical/conceptual resources' (e.g., lexica, vocabularies, gazetteers, terminological lexica, etc.) and 'grammars'. Note: In the META-SHARE ontology, models and grammars are grouped as "language descriptions" and included as subclasses of datasets. Given the evolution of Machine Learning Models, this has been revisited and models are included as a separate subclass distinguished from datasets.	META-SHARE language resource type vocabulary	P
metalanguage	Language	0..n	Specifies the language that is used as support for the resource (e.g., English for a grammar of French described in English or for a French dictionary with English definitions)			P
modality type	Modality Type	1..n	Specifies the media type of a language resource (the physical medium of the contents representation) or of the input/output of a language processing tool/service; each media type is described through a distinctive set of technical features; a language resource may consist of different media parts		META-SHARE media type vocabulary	P
multilinguality type	Multilinguality Type	0..1	Indicates whether the resource (part) is parallel, comparable or mixed		META-SHARE linguality type vocabulary	P
original source description	langString	0..n	A description in free text of the source material that has been used for the creation of a language data resource	This property can be used to provide further information on the source resource. For instance, provide information such as mode and timespan of collection of a dataset.		P
identifier	Identifier	0..n	Links a resource to an adms:Identifier class.	This property MAY be used as an additional identifier for existing identifiers used for the same resource in other Catalogues (e.g. DOI, ISLRN, DataCite, Handle PIDs)		DCAT-AP [A]
personal data details	langString	0..n	If the resource includes personal data, this field can be used for entering more information, e.g., whether special handling of the resource is required (e.g., anonymisation, further request for use, etc.)	This property can be repeated for parallel language versions of the property. The language tag is mandatory and is defined by BCP47 [[rfc5646]].		P
personal data included	Personal Data Included	1..1	Specifies whether the language resource contains personal data, i.e., any information relating to an identified or identifiable natural person (data subject); an identifiable natural person is one who can be identified, directly or indirectly, in particular by reference to an identifier such as a name, an identification number, location data, an online identifier or to one or more factors specific to the physical, physiological, genetic, mental, economic, cultural or social identity of that natural person [Article 4(1) of the General Data Protection Regulation (Regulation (EU) 2016/679)]	This property MUST be filled in for all non-anonymised datasets. If a dataset is anonymised, it is presumed that it contains no personal and sensitive data	META-SHARE personal data included vocabulary	P
pivot language	Language	0..n	The language acting as an intermediary for translations between many languages			P
publisher	Agent	1..1	An entity responsible for making the resource available	This property refers to the entity that "publishes", i.e. makes available to the specific platform, the corresponding resource. The information may be identical to the property ms:iprHolder of the resource.		DCAT-AP [E]
special category data details	langString	0..n	If the resource includes special category data, this field can be used for entering more information, e.g., whether special handling of the resource is required (e.g., anonymisation, further request for use, etc.)	This property can be repeated for parallel language versions of the property. The language tag is mandatory and is defined by BCP47 [[rfc5646]].		P
special category data included	Special Category Data Included	1..1	Specifies whether the language resource contains special category data, i.e., personal data revealing racial or ethnic origin, political opinions, religious or philosophical beliefs, or trade union membership, and the processing of genetic data, biometric data for the purpose of uniquely identifying a natural person, data concerning health or data concerning a natural person’s sex life or sexual orientation [Article 9(1) of the General Data Protection Regulation (Regulation (EU) 2016/679)]	This property MUST be filled in for all non-anonymised datasets. If a dataset is anonymised, it is presumed that it contains no personal and sensitive data	META-SHARE Special Category Data Included vocabulary	P
source language	Language	0..n	The language from which a translation is made.			P
spatial	Location	0..n	Spatial characteristics of the resource	A geographic region that is covered by the dataset. For language data, this refers to the geographic region where the language of the dataset is spoken/written and not where the dataset was implemented; for instance, in the case of a German institution creating a dataset of Cypriot Greek, the geographic region is "Cyprus".	The EU Vocabularies Continents Named Authority List for continents (http://publications.europa.eu/resource/dataset/continent), countries (http://publications.europa.eu/resource/dataset/country), places (http://publications.europa.eu/resource/dataset/place) and, if not covered, GeoNames (https://www.geonames.org/)	DCAT-AP [A]
target language	Language	0..n	The language into which a translation is made			P
temporal	PeriodOfTime	0..n	Temporal characteristics of the resource	A temporal period that the contents of a dataset cover. For language data, this can be the time period in which the language of a dataset is spoken.		DCAT-AP [A]
title	langString	1..n	A name given to the resource	This property can be repeated for parallel language versions of the property. The language tag is mandatory and is defined by BCP47 [[rfc5646]].		DCAT-AP [E]
version	string	1..1	The version indicator (name or identifier) of a resource	This property MUST contain a version number or other version designation of the dataset. It is recommended to follow W3C Data on the Web Best Practices [DWBP]. Version identifiers should enable comparison of versions and distinguishing major from minor versions, such as Semantic Versioning [SEMVER].		DCAT-AP [E]

Licence

Definition: A legal document giving official permission to do something with a resource
Reference: DCAT-AP [A]
Properties: For this entity the following properties are defined: alternative, description, legal code, identifier, see also, title

Property	Range	Cardinality	Definition	Usage	Reference
alternative	langString	0..n	An alternative name for the resource.	This property can be repeated for parallel language versions of the property. The language tag is mandatory and is defined by BCP47 [[rfc5646]].	P
description	langString	1..n	An account of the resource	This property can be repeated for parallel language versions of the property. The language tag is mandatory and is defined by BCP47 [[rfc5646]].	P
legal code	Resource	1..1	The URL of the legal text of a License.		P
identifier	Identifier	0..n	Links a resource to an adms:Identifier class.	When a standard licence is used, this MUST be the identifier from the SPDX list of licences.	P
see also	Resource	0..n		This property MUST be used for additional URLs that contain the licence text besides the official one. It can be used for identifying duplicates	P
title	langString	1..n	A name given to the resource	This property can be repeated for parallel language versions of the property. The language tag is mandatory and is defined by BCP47 [[rfc5646]].	P

Model

Definition: The model artifact that is created through a training process involving an ML algorithm (that is, the learning algorithm) and the training data to learn from.
Reference: No reference
Subclass of: Catalogued Resource
Properties: For this entity the following properties are defined: alternative, anonymization details, anonymized, conforms to, context length, creation details, data protection principle applied, description, detailed language, distribution, domain, evaluation dataset, evaluation results, finetune dataset, has policy, has technical organisational measure, bias, limitations, trainedOn, identifier, IPR holder, is documented by, keyword, language, license, linguality type, LR type, modality type, model function, model type, other identifier, parameter precision, personal data details, personal data included, publisher, quantization process, quantized, special category data details, special category data included, source language, spatial, target language, temporal, title, variant of, version

Property	Range	Cardinality	Definition	Usage	Controlled vocabulary	Reference
alternative	langString	0..n	An alternative name for the resource.	It is recommended to use "dct:title" for the full name of a dataset and "dct:alternative" for the short name. This property can be repeated for parallel language versions of the property. The language tag is mandatory and is defined by BCP47 [[rfc5646]].		P
anonymization details	langString	0..n	If the resource has been anonymised, this field can be used for entering more information, e.g., tool or method used for the anonymisation, by whom it has been performed, whether there was any check of the results, etc.	This property can be repeated for parallel language versions of the property. The language tag is mandatory and is defined by BCP47 [[rfc5646]].		P
anonymized	Anonymized	1..1	Indicates whether the language resource has been anonymised; anonymous data is information which does not relate to an identified or identifiable natural person or to personal data rendered anonymous in such a manner that the data subject is not or no longer identifiable		META-SHARE anonymised vocabulary	P
http://data.europa.eu/it6/bias	langString	0..n	A description of the possible biases affecting the overall output of the model	This property can be repeated for parallel language versions of the property. The language tag is mandatory and is defined by BCP47 [[rfc5646]].		MLDCAT-AP [A]
conforms to	Standard	0..n	An established standard to which the described resource conforms		META-SHARE vocabulary of standards and best practices	P
context length	integer	0..1	The maximum amount of text that an AI model can process and retain in memory at any given time			P
creation details	langString	0..n	Provides additional information on the creation of a language resource	This property can be repeated for parallel language versions of the property. The language tag is mandatory and is defined by BCP47 [[rfc5646]].		P
data protection principle applied	Data Protection Principle	0..n	Specifies the data protection principles that have been applied in compliance with the General Data Protection Regulation (Regulation (EU) 2016/679)		META-SHARE Data Protection Principle vocabulary	P
description	langString	1..n	An account of the resource	This property can be repeated for parallel language versions of the property. The language tag is mandatory and is defined by BCP47 [[rfc5646]].		MLDCAT-AP [E]
distribution	Distribution	1..n	An available distribution of the dataset			P
language	Language	1..n	Specifies the language that is used in the resource or supported by the tool/service expressed according to the BCP47 recommendation	This property takes a value in compliance with the BCP47 recommendation and, thus, allows for the detailed description of the language (e.g., British English, Brazilian Portuguese, Greek written with the Latin script, etc.). It must be conformant with the value of "dct:language".		P
domain	Domain	0..n	Identifies the domain according to which an entity is classified		META-SHARE vocabulary of domains	P
evaluation dataset	Corpus	0..n	The dataset used for the evaluation of the machine learning model			P
evaluation results	langString	0..n	A description of the evaluation results against the evaluation dataset	This property can be repeated for parallel language versions of the property. The language tag is mandatory and is defined by BCP47 [[rfc5646]].		P
finetune dataset	Corpus	0..n	The dataset used to fine-tune the machine learning model			P
has policy	Policy	1..n	Identifies an ODRL Policy for which the identified Asset is the target Asset to all the Rules	This property is used for "policies", i.e. the machine-readable representation of the licensing terms under which a dataset/distribution is made available. The representation MUST be expressed in the ODRL vocabulary.		MLDCAT-AP [E]
has technical organisational measure	Technical Organisational Measure	0..n	Indicates use or applicability of Technical or Organisational measure		META-SHARE Technical and Organisational Measure vocabulary	P
identifier	Literal	0..1	An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context	The main identifier for the resource, e.g. the URI or other unique identifier in the context of the Catalogue. It MUST be automatically assigned by the system when adding the resource to the Catalogue.		MLDCAT-AP [A]
IPR holder	Agent	0..n	A person or an organisation who holds the full Intellectual Property Rights (Copyright, trademark, etc.) that subsist in the resource. The IPR holder could be different from the creator that may have assigned the rights to the IPR holder (e.g., an author as a creator assigns her rights to the publisher who is the IPR holder) and the distributor that holds a specific licence (i.e. a permission) to distribute the work via a specific distributor.	The IPR holder may be identical in many cases with the Publisher of the resource (see property dct:publisher). In this case, the contact data MAY be copied from the corresponding Publisher entries. There might be also cases with non-identical entities: e.g., when one or several IPR Holders assign another entity as the Publisher responsible for producing, hosting and publishing a resource; such entities may be, for instance, a data distribution agency, or a specific partner representing a project consortium. The subproperty ms:iprHolder is preferred over dct:rightsHolder in order to differentiate with other types of rights (e.g. distribution rights).		P
is documented by	Document	0..n	Links a language resource to a document (e.g., research paper describing its contents or its use in a project, user manual, etc.) or any other form of documentation (e.g., a URL with support information) that is related to the resource			P
keyword	langString	1..n	A keyword or tag describing a resource	This property can be repeated for parallel language versions of the property. The language tag is mandatory and is defined by BCP47 [[rfc5646]].		MLDCAT-AP [E]
language	LinguisticSystem	1..n	A language of the resource.	This property is used for the input language supported by a model and takes a value only for the language proper, without any reference to script, regional variant, etc. It caters for semantic interoperability with other catalogues, yet fails to capture the full language details that are required for language data. For a more detailed description, the "ms:languge" property is preferred, but the two values must be aligned.	The EU Authority languages vocabulary (http://publications.europa.eu/resource/dataset/language) and, if not covered, the lexvo vocabulary for languages (http://lexvo.org/)	P
license	LicenseDocument	1..n	A legal document giving official permission to do something with the resource	This property refers to a "licence", i.e. a human readable text with legal code, with which the resource/distribution is made available. This property SHOULD refer to a concrete standard or proprietary licence, so that the data users can assess the licence conditions in human-readable format before using the data.		MLDCAT-AP [E]
limitations	langString	0..n	The limited capabilities of the model	This property can be repeated for parallel language versions of the property. The language tag is mandatory and is defined by BCP47 [[rfc5646]].		MLDCAT-AP [A]
linguality type	Linguality Type	1..1	Indicates whether the resource includes one, two or more languages		META-SHARE linguality type vocabulary	P
LR type	LR Type	1..1	Specifies the type of a language resource	This element allows for a more fine-grained categorisation of datasets into 'corpora' (collections of data files in text, audio, video and/or image modality), 'lexical/conceptual resources' (e.g., lexica, vocabularies, gazetteers, terminological lexica, etc.) and 'grammars'. Note: In the META-SHARE ontology, models and grammars are grouped as "language descriptions" and included as subclasses of datasets. Given the evolution of Machine Learning Models, this is revisited and models are included as a separate subclass distinguished from datasets.	META-SHARE language resource type vocabulary	P
modality type	Modality Type	1..n	Specifies the media type of a language resource (the physical medium of the contents representation) or of the input/output of a language processing tool/service; each media type is described through a distinctive set of technical features; a language resource may consist of different media parts		META-SHARE media type vocabulary	P
model function	Model Function	1..n	The function/task/operation a model performs		OMTD-SHARE vocabulary of operations	P
model type	Model Type	0..1	A classification of models based on their algorithm		META-SHARE vocabulary of model types	P
other identifier	Identifier	0..n	Links a resource to an adms:Identifier class.	This property MAY be used as an additional identifier for existing identifiers used for the same resource in other Catalogues (e.g. DOI, ISLRN, DataCite, Handle PIDs)		MLDCAT-AP [A]
parameter precision	string	0..1	The number of bits used to represent a model's parameters, which directly impacts the model's memory usage and computational efficiency			P
personal data details	langString	0..n	If the resource includes personal data, this field can be used for entering more information, e.g., whether special handling of the resource is required (e.g., anonymisation, further request for use, etc.)	This property can be repeated for parallel language versions of the property. The language tag is mandatory and is defined by BCP47 [[rfc5646]].		P
personal data included	Personal Data Included	1..1	Specifies whether the language resource contains personal data, i.e., any information relating to an identified or identifiable natural person (data subject); an identifiable natural person is one who can be identified, directly or indirectly, in particular by reference to an identifier such as a name, an identification number, location data, an online identifier or to one or more factors specific to the physical, physiological, genetic, mental, economic, cultural or social identity of that natural person [Article 4(1) of the General Data Protection Regulation (Regulation (EU) 2016/679)]	This property MUST be filled in for all non-anonymised datasets. If a dataset is anonymised, it is presumed that it contains no personal and sensitive data	META-SHARE personal data included vocabulary	P
publisher	Agent	1..1	An entity responsible for making the resource available	This property refers to the entity that "publishes", i.e. makes available to the specific platform, the corresponding resource. The information may be identical to the property ms:iprHolder of the resource.		P
quantization process	langString	0..n	The process used for the quantisation	This property can be repeated for parallel language versions of the property. The language tag is mandatory and is defined by BCP47 [[rfc5646]].		P
quantized	boolean	0..1	Whether this version is quantised			P
special category data details	langString	0..n	If the resource includes special category data, this field can be used for entering more information, e.g., whether special handling of the resource is required (e.g., anonymisation, further request for use, etc.)	This property can be repeated for parallel language versions of the property. The language tag is mandatory and is defined by BCP47 [[rfc5646]].		P
special category data included	Special Category Data Included	1..1	Specifies whether the language resource contains special category data, i.e., personal data revealing racial or ethnic origin, political opinions, religious or philosophical beliefs, or trade union membership, and the processing of genetic data, biometric data for the purpose of uniquely identifying a natural person, data concerning health or data concerning a natural person’s sex life or sexual orientation [Article 9(1) of the General Data Protection Regulation (Regulation (EU) 2016/679)]	This property MUST be filled in for all non-anonymised datasets. If a dataset is anonymised, it is presumed that it contains no personal and sensitive data	META-SHARE Special Category Data Included vocabulary	P
source language	Language	0..n	The language from which a translation is made.			P
spatial	Location	0..n	Spatial characteristics of the resource	A geographic region that is covered by the dataset. For language data, this refers to the geographic region where the language of the dataset is spoken/written and not where the dataset was implemented; for instance, in the case of a German institution creating a dataset of Cypriot Greek, the geographic region is "Cyprus".	The EU Vocabularies Continents Named Authority List for continents (http://publications.europa.eu/resource/dataset/continent), countries (http://publications.europa.eu/resource/dataset/country), places (http://publications.europa.eu/resource/dataset/place) and, if not covered, GeoNames (https://www.geonames.org/)	P
target language	Language	0..n	The language into which a translation is made			P
temporal	PeriodOfTime	0..n	Temporal characteristics of the resource	A temporal period that the contents of a dataset cover. For language data, this can be the time period in which the language of a dataset is spoken.		P
title	langString	1..n	A name given to the resource	This property can be repeated for parallel language versions of the property. The language tag is mandatory and is defined by BCP47 [[rfc5646]].		P
trained on	Corpus	0..n	The training dataset used to train the machine learning model			MLDCAT-AP [A]
variant of	Model	0..n	The model on which this model has been based on or derived from or is a variation of			P
version	string	1..1	The version indicator (name or identifier) of a resource	This property MUST contain a version number or other version designation of the dataset. It is recommended to follow W3C Data on the Web Best Practices [DWBP]. Version identifiers should enable comparison of versions and distinguishing major from minor versions, such as Semantic Versioning [SEMVER].		MLDCAT-AP [E]

Organisation

Definition: An organization.
Reference: No reference
Subclass of: Agent
Properties: For this entity the following properties are defined: identifier, name

Property	Range	Cardinality	Definition	Usage	Controlled vocabulary	Reference
identifier	Identifier	0..n	Links a resource to an adms:Identifier class.	Recommended to use ROR for research institutions		P
name	langString	1..n	A name for some thing.	This property can be repeated for parallel language versions of the property. The language tag is mandatory and is defined by BCP47 [[rfc5646]].		P

Person

Definition: A person.
Reference: No reference
Subclass of: Agent
Properties: For this entity the following properties are defined: identifier, name

Property	Range	Cardinality	Definition	Usage	Controlled vocabulary	Reference
identifier	Identifier	0..n	Links a resource to an adms:Identifier class.	Recommended to use ORCID for researchers		P
name	langString	1..n	A name for some thing.	This property can be repeated for parallel language versions of the property. The language tag is mandatory and is defined by BCP47 [[rfc5646]].		P

Policy

Definition: A non-empty group of Permissions and/or Prohibitions.
Reference: DCAT-AP [E]
Properties: For this entity the following properties are defined: alternative, description, had primary source, legal code, identifier, title, was attributed to

Property	Range	Cardinality	Definition	Usage	Reference
alternative	langString	0..n	An alternative name for the resource	This property can be repeated for parallel language versions of the property. The language tag is mandatory and is defined by BCP47 [[rfc5646]].	P
description	langString	1..n	An account of the resource	This property can be repeated for parallel language versions of the property. The language tag is mandatory and is defined by BCP47 [[rfc5646]].	P
had primary source	Entity	0..1	A primary source for a topic refers to something produced by some agent with direct experience and knowledge about the topic, at the time of the topic's study, without benefit from hindsight. Because of the directness of primary sources, they 'speak for themselves' in ways that cannot be captured through the filter of secondary sources. As such, it is important for secondary sources to reference those primary sources from which they were derived, so that their reliability can be investigated. A primary source relation is a particular case of derivation of secondary materials from their primary sources. It is recognised that the determination of primary sources can be up to interpretation, and should be done according to conventions accepted within the application's domain.		P
legal code	Resource	0..1	The URL of the legal text of a License.		P
identifier	Identifier	0..n	Links a resource to an adms:Identifier class.		P
title	langString	1..n	A name given to the resource	This property can be repeated for parallel language versions of the property. The language tag is mandatory and is defined by BCP47 [[rfc5646]].	P
was attributed to	Agent	0..1	Attribution is the ascribing of an entity to an agent.		P

Processing resource

Definition: A set of requirements posed on the resource that is input for processing by a tool/service or that is output after the processing
Reference: No reference
Properties: For this entity the following properties are defined: detailed language, format, language, media type, modality type, processing resource type

Property	Range	Cardinality	Definition	Usage	Controlled vocabulary	Reference
detailed language	Language	0..n	Specifies the language that is used in the resource or supported by the tool/service expressed according to the BCP47 recommendation	This property takes a value in compliance with the BCP47 recommendation and, thus, allows for the detailed description of the language (e.g., British English, Brazilian Portuguese, Greek written with the Latin script, etc.). It must be conformant with the value of "dct:language".		P
format	Media Type Or Extent	0..n	The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource	dcat:mediaType SHOULD be used when the media type of the distribution is defined in IANA [IANA-MEDIA-TYPES], otherwise dcterms:format MAY be used with different values.	OMTD-SHARE vocabulary of data formats	P
language	Linguistic System	0..n	A language of the resource.	This property is used for the language of the contents of a dataset and takes a value only for the language proper, without any reference to script, regional variant, etc. It caters for semantic interoperability with other catalogues, yet fails to capture the full language details that are required for language data. For a more detailed description, the "ms:languge" property is preferred, but the two values must be aligned.	The EU Authority languages vocabulary (http://publications.europa.eu/resource/dataset/language) and, if not covered, the lexvo vocabulary for languages (http://lexvo.org/)	P
media type	Media Type	0..n	The media type of the distribution as defined by IANA [IANA-MEDIA-TYPES].	dcat:mediaType SHOULD be used when the media type of the distribution is defined in IANA [IANA-MEDIA-TYPES], otherwise dcterms:format MAY be used with different values.	IANA-MEDIA-TYPES vocabulary	P
modality type	Modality Type	0 ..n	Specifies the media type of a language resource (the physical medium of the contents representation) or of the input/output of a language processing tool/service; each media type is described through a distinctive set of technical features; a language resource may consist of different media parts		META-SHARE media type vocabulary	P
processing resource type	Processing Resource Type	1..1	The type of the resource that a tool/service takes as input or produces as output		META-SHARE processing resource types vocabulary	P

Software Distribution

Definition: Any form with which software is distributed (e.g., web services, executable or code files, etc.)
Reference
Properties: For this entity the following properties are defined: software distribution form, access location, download location, execution location

Property	Range	Cardinality	Definition	Controlled vocabulary	Reference
access location	any URI	0..1	A URL where the resource can be accessed from; it can be used for landing pages or for cases where the resource is accessible via an interface, i.e. cases where the resource itself is not provided with a direct link for downloading		P
download location	any URI	0..1	A URL where the language resource (mainly data but also downloadable software programmes or forms) can be downloaded from		P
execution location	any URI	0..1	A URL where the resource (mainly software) can be directly executed		P
software distribution form	Software Distribution Form	1..1	The medium, delivery channel or form (e.g., source code, API, web service, etc.) through which a software object is distributed	https://vocabularies.ilsp.gr/showvoc/#/datasets/Software_Distribution_Form_Taxonomy/data	P

Tool/Service

Definition: A tool/service/any piece of software that performs language processing and/or any Language Technology related operation.
Reference: No reference.
Properties

For this entity the following properties are defined: alternative, description, domain, function, has policy, identifier, input content resource, IPR holder, is documented by, keyword, language dependent, license, LR type, other identifier, output resource, publisher, software distribution, title, version

Property	Range	Cardinality	Definition	Usage	Controlled vocabulary	Reference
alternative	langString	0..n	An alternative name for the resource.	It is recommended to use "dct:title" for the full name of a resource and "dct:alternative" for the short name. This property can be repeated for parallel language versions of the property. The language tag is mandatory and is defined by BCP47 [[rfc5646]].		P
description	langString	1..n	An account of the resource	This property can be repeated for parallel language versions of the property. The language tag is mandatory and is defined by BCP47 [[rfc5646]].		DCAT-AP [E]
domain	Domain	0..n	Identifies the domain according to which an entity is classified		META-SHARE vocabulary of domains	P
function	Operation	1..n	"Specifies the operation/function/task that a software object performs"		OMTD-SHARE vocabulary of operations	P
has policy	Policy	1..n	Identifies an ODRL Policy for which the identified Asset is the target Asset to all the Rules	This property is used for "policies", i.e. the machine-readable representation of the licensing terms under which a dataset/distribution is made available. The representation MUST be expressed in the ODRL vocabulary.		P
identifier	Literal	0..1	An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context	The main identifier for the resource, e.g. the URI or other unique identifier in the context of the Catalogue. It MUST be automatically assigned by the system when adding the resource to the Catalogue.		DCAT-AP [A]
input content resource	Processing Resource	1..n	"Specifies the requirements set by a tool/service for the (content) resource that it processes"			P
IPR holder	Agent	0..n	A person or an organisation who holds the full Intellectual Property Rights (Copyright, trademark, etc.) that subsist in the resource. The IPR holder could be different from the creator that may have assigned the rights to the IPR holder (e.g., an author as a creator assigns her rights to the publisher who is the IPR holder) and the distributor that holds a specific licence (i.e. a permission) to distribute the work via a specific distributor.	The IPR holder may be identical in many cases with the Publisher of the resource (see property dct:publisher). In this case, the contact data MAY be copied from the corresponding Publisher entries. There might be also cases with non-identical entities: e.g., when one or several IPR Holders assign another entity as the Publisher responsible for producing, hosting and publishing a resource; such entities may be, for instance, a data distribution agency, or a specific partner representing a project consortium. The subproperty ms:iprHolder is preferred over dct:rightsHolder in order to differentiate with other types of rights (e.g. distribution rights).		P
is documented by	Document	0..n	Links a language resource to a document (e.g., research paper describing its contents or its use in a project, user manual, etc.) or any other form of documentation (e.g., a URL with support information) that is related to the resource			P
keyword	langString	1..n	A keyword or tag describing a resource	This property can be repeated for parallel language versions of the property. The language tag is mandatory and is defined by BCP47 [[rfc5646]].		DCAT-AP [E]
language dependent	boolean	1..1	Indicates whether the operation of the tool or service is language dependent or not			P
license	LicenseDocument	1..n	A legal document giving official permission to do something with the resource	This property refers to a "licence", i.e. a human readable text with legal code, with which the resource/distribution is made available. This property SHOULD refer to a concrete standard or proprietary licence, so that the data users can assess the licence conditions in human-readable format before using the data.		P
lrType	LR type	1..1	Specifies the type of a language resource	This element allows for a more fine-grained categorisation of datasets into 'corpora' (collections of data files in text, audio, video and/or image modality), 'lexical/conceptual resources' (e.g., lexica, vocabularies, gazetteers, terminological lexica, etc.) and 'grammars'. Note: In the META-SHARE ontology, models and grammars are grouped as "language descriptions" and included as subclasses of datasets. Given the evolution of Machine Learning Models, this has been revisited and models are included as a separate subclass distinguished from datasets.	META-SHARE language resource type vocabulary	P
other identifier	Identifier	0..n	Links a resource to an adms:Identifier class.	This property MAY be used as an additional identifier for existing identifiers used for the same resource in other Catalogues (e.g. DOI, ISLRN, DataCite, Handle PIDs)		DCAT-AP [A]
output resource	Processing Resource	0..n	"Specifies the output results of a tool/service, i.e. the features of the processed (content) resource"			P
publisher	Agent	1..1	An entity responsible for making the resource available	This property refers to the entity that "publishes", i.e. makes available to the specific platform, the corresponding resource. The information may be identical to the property ms:iprHolder of the resource.		DCAT-AP [E]
software distribution	Software Distribution	1..n	An available distribution of the tool/service			P
title	langString	1..n	A name given to the resource	This property can be repeated for parallel language versions of the property. The language tag is mandatory and is defined by BCP47 [[rfc5646]].		DCAT-AP [E]
version	string	1..1	The version indicator (name or identifier) of a resource	This property MUST contain a version number or other version designation of the dataset. It is recommended to follow W3C Data on the Web Best Practices [DWBP]. Version identifiers should enable comparison of versions and distinguishing major from minor versions, such as Semantic Versioning [SEMVER].		DCAT-AP [E]

Supportive entities

The supportive entities are supporting the main entities in the Application Profile. They are included in the Application Profile because they form the range of properties.

In addition to the entities described in this section, there is also a number of classes used as range for properties that take values from controlled vocabularies. No properties are defined for these classes and are, therefore, not described here; instead, they are listed in the table of controlled vocabularies included in the Section Controlled vocabularies).

Catalogue Record

Definition: A description of a Catalogued Resource's entry in the Catalogue.
Reference: DCAT-AP [A]
Properties: For this entity the following properties are defined: description, description version, modification date, primary topic.

Property	Range	Cardinality	Definition	Usage	Reference
description	langString	0..*	A free-text account of the record.	This property can be repeated for parallel language versions of the description.	DCAT-AP [E]
description version	Literal	0..1	It refers to the version of the description. '1' for original version.		MLDCAT-AP [A]
modification date	Temporal Literal	1	The most recent date on which the Catalogue entry was changed or modified.		DCAT-AP [A]
primary topic	Catalogued Resource	1	A link to the Dataset, Data service or Catalog described in the record.	A catalogue record will refer to one entity in a catalogue. This can be either a Dataset or a Data Service. To ensure an unambigous reading of the cardinality the range is set to Catalogued Resource. However it is not the intend with this range to require the explicit use of the class Catalogued Record. As abstract class, a subclass should be used.	DCAT-AP [A]

Catalogued Resource

Definition: Resource published or curated by a single agent.
Reference: DCAT-AP [A]
Usage Note: Abstract class for DCAT-AP. Therefore only subclasses should be used in a data exchange.
Properties: This specification does not impose any additional requirements to properties for this entity.

Concept

Definition: An idea or notion; a unit of thought.
Reference: DCAT-AP [A]
Properties: This specification does not impose any additional requirements to properties for this entity.

Document

Definition: A document.
Reference: No reference
Properties: For this entity the following properties are defined: citation text, identifier

Property	Range	Cardinality	Definition	Usage	Controlled vocabulary	Reference
citation text	langString	1..n	The text with which a document or language resource can be cited (typically the full citation, incl. title, authors, publisher, etc.)	This property can be repeated for parallel language versions of the property. The language tag is mandatory and is defined by BCP47 [[rfc5646]].		P
identifier	Identifier	0..n	Links a resource to an adms:Identifier class.	It is recommended to add the DOI or a URL where the document can be accessed		P

Identifier

Definition: This is based on the UN/CEFACT Identifier class. It consists of: a content string which is the identifier; an optional identifier for the identifier scheme; an optional identifier for the version of the identifier scheme; an optional identifier for the agency that manages the identifier scheme.
Reference: DCAT-AP [A]
Properties: For this entity the following properties are defined: notation, schema agency

Property	Range	Cardinality	Definition	Usage	Controlled vocabulary	Reference
notation	string	1..1	A string that is an identifier in the context of the identifier scheme referenced by its datatype.	It MAY be used to display the identifier as recommended in the original scheme (e.g. The CrossRef and DataCite display guidelines recommend displaying DOIs as full URL link in the form https://doi.org/10.xxxx/xxxxx/). The rdfs:Literal must be typed (e.g. ^^anyURI)		P
schema agency	langString	0..n	The name of the agency that issued the identifier.	It MAY be used to represent the authority that defines the identifier scheme (e.g. the DOI foundation) when the authority has an IRI associated to it. This property can be repeated for parallel language versions of the property. The language tag is mandatory and is defined by BCP47 [[rfc5646]].		P

Linguistic System

Definition: A system of signs, symbols, sounds, gestures, or rules used in communication, e.g. a language.
Reference: DCAT-AP [A]
Properties: This specification does not impose any additional requirements to properties for this entity.

Location

Definition: A spatial region or named place.
Reference: DCAT-AP [A]
Properties: This specification does not impose any additional requirements to properties for this entity.

Media Type

Definition: A file format or physical medium.
Reference: DCAT-AP [A]
Properties: This specification does not impose any additional requirements to properties for this entity.

Media Type Or Extent

Definition: A media type or extent.
Reference: DCAT-AP [A]
Properties: This specification does not impose any additional requirements to properties for this entity.

Period of Time

Definition: An interval of time that is named or defined by its start and end dates.
Reference: DCAT-AP [A]
Properties: For this entity the following properties are defined: end date, start date

dsd

Property	Range	Cardinality	Definition	Usage	Controlled vocabulary	Reference
end date	date	1..1	The end of the period			DCAT-AP [E]
start date	date	1..1	The start of the period	Please note that while both properties are recommended, one of the two must be present for each instance of the class dct:PeriodOfTime, if such an instance is present. NOTE: gYear or dateTime for LDS		DCAT-AP [E]

Size

Definition: The size of the resource with regard to the SizeUnit measurement in form of a number.
Refence: No reference
Properties: For this entity the following properties are defined: amount, size unit

Property	Range	Cardinality	Definition	Usage	Controlled vocabulary	Reference
amount	float	1..1	Specifies the number of units that constitute anything that can be measured (e.g. size of a data resource or cost, etc.)			P
size unit	SizeUnit	1..1	Specifies the unit that is used when providing information on the size of the resource or of resource parts		META-SHARE size unit vocabulary	P

Datatypes

The following datatypes are used within this specification.

Class	Definition
boolean	Boolean has the value space required to support the mathematical concept of binary-valued logic: {true, false}
date	The value space of date consists of top-open intervals of exactly one day in length on the timelines of dateTime, beginning on the beginning moment of each day (in each timezone), i.e. '00:00:00', up to but not including '24:00:00' (which is identical with '00:00:00' of the next day).
float	It represents IEEE single-precision 32-bit floating-point numbers. It supports decimal notation, scientific notation, and special values like positive and negative infinity (INF, -INF) and not-a-number (NaN) NaN.
integer	Integer is derived from decimal by fixing the value of fractionDigits to be 0 and disallowing the trailing decimal point. This results in the standard mathematical concept of the integer numbers.
langString	The datatype of language-tagged string values.
Literal	A literal value such as a string or integer; Literals may be typed, e.g. as a date according to xsd:date. Literals that contain human-readable text have an optional language tag as defined by BCP 47[[[rfc5646]]]
nonNegativeInteger	Number derived from integer by setting the value of minInclusive to be 0.
string	Any character string in XML.
Temporal Literal	rdfs:Literal encoded using the relevant [[ISO8601]] Date and Time compliant string and typed using the appropriate XML Schema datatype (xsd:gYear, xsd:gYearMonth, xsd:date, or xsd:dateTime).

Controlled Vocabularies

Requirements for controlled vocabularies

LanguageDCAT-AP adopts the requirements set in DCAT-AP for the recommendation of controlled vocabularies. According to these, controlled vocabularies SHOULD:

Be published under an open licence.
Be operated and/or maintained by an institution of the European Union, by a recognised standards organisation or another trusted organisation.
Be properly documented.
Have terms that are identified by URIs with each URI resolving to documentation about the term.
Have associated persistence and versioning policies.

The following two requirements identified for DCAT-AP are considered of less importance for LanguageDCAT-AP:

Have labels in multiple languages, ideally in all official languages of the European Union.
Contain a relatively small number of terms (e.g. 10-25) that are general enough to enable a wide range of resources to be classified.

Controlled vocabularies to be used

LanguageDCAT-AP specifies a number of controlled vocabularies that MUST be used for specific properties in order to increase semantic interoperability. These vocabularies are selected from among those recommended in DCAT-AP and MLDCAT-AP, and those used in the language data/technologies and neighbouring communities. In the first case, they are controlled by an EU institution, while in the latter case, they are published and maintained by the LDS metadata working group. Requests for changes and addition to the LDS-controlled vocabularies can be made by adding a new issue at https://github.com/LanguageDCAT-AP/LanguageDCAT-AP/issues.

The following table lists the properties that take values from controlled vocabularies, as well as the classes for which these properties are used. The range of these properties is defined as a class (cf. column "Range") as well as a skos:concept belonging to the specified controlled vocabulary.

Property	Used for class	Range	Controlled vocabulary name
annotation type	Corpus	Annotation Type	Annotation Type Taxonomy
anonymized	Corpus, LCR, Model	Anonymized	Anonymized Taxonomy
corpus subclass	Corpus	Corpus Subclass	Corpus Subclass Taxonomy
format	Distribution	Media Type Or Extent	Data Format Taxonomy
data protection principle applied	Corpus, LCR, Model	Data Protection Principle	Data Protection Principle Taxonomy
domain	Corpus, LCR, Model	Domain	Domain Taxonomy
LR type	Corpus, LCR, Model	LR Type	Language Resource Type Taxonomy
lingualityType	Corpus, LCR, Model	Linguality Type	Linguality Type Taxonomy
modality type	Corpus, LCR, Model	Modality type	Media Type Taxonomy
linguistic information	LCR	Microstructure Feature	Microstructure Feature Taxonomy
model type	Model	Model Type	Model Type Taxonomy
multilinguality type	Corpus, LCR	Multilinguality Type	Multilinguality Type Taxonomy
model function	Model	Operation	Operation Taxonomy
package format	Distribution	Media type	Package Format Taxonomy
personal data included	Corpus, LCR, Model	Personal Data Included	Personal Data Included Taxonomy
processing resource type	Processing resource	Processing Resource Type	Processing Resource Types Taxonomy
region	Language	Region	Region Taxonomy
size unit	Size	Size Unit	Size Unit Taxonomy
script	Language	Script	Script Taxonomy
software distribution form	Software Distribution	Software Distribution Form	Software Distribution Forms Taxonomy
special category data included	Corpus, LCR, Model	Special Category Data Included	Special Category Data Included Taxonomy
conforms to	Corpus, LCR, Model	Standard	Standards Best practices Taxonomy
LCR subclass	LCR	LCR Subclass	Taxonomy of Subclasses of Lexical/Conceptual Resources
has technical organisational measure	Corpus, LCR, Model	Technical Organisational Measure	Technical and Organisational Measure Taxonomy
variant	Language	Variant	Variant Taxonomy
media type	Distribution	Media Type	IANA-MEDIA-TYPES vocabulary
spatial	Corpus, LCR, Model	Location	The EU Vocabularies Continents Named Authority List for continents, countries, places and, if not covered, GeoNames
language	Corpus, LCR, Model	Linguistic System	The EU Authority languages vocabulary and, if not covered, the lexvo vocabulary for languages

Support for implementation

The following section provides support for implementing the LanguageDCAT-AP.

JSON-LD context file

One common technical question is the format in which the data is being exchanged. For conformance with the LanguageDCAT-AP, it is not mandatory that this happens in an RDF serialisation, but the exchanged format SHOULD be unambiguously transformable into RDF. For the format JSON, a popular format to exchange data between systems, following the same approach used for DCAT-AP and MLDCAT-AP, a JSON-LD context file is provided. JSON-LD is a W3C Recommendation JSON-LD 1.1 that provided a standard approach to interpret JSON structures as RDF. The provided JSON-LD context file can be used by implementers. This JSON-LD context is not normative, i.e. other JSON-LD contexts are allowed.

The JSON-LD context file can be downloaded here.

Validation

To verify if the data is (technically) conformant to the LanguageDCAT-AP, the exchanged data can be validated using the provided SHACL shapes. SHACL is a W3C Recommendation to express constraints on an RDF knowledge graph.

To support the check whether or not a catalogue satisfies the expressed constraints in this Application Profile, the constraints in this specification are expressed using SHACL [[shacl]]. Each constraint in this specification that could be converted into a SHACL expression has been included. However, it should be noted that the SHACL shapes have been implemented and tested for the Language Data Space purposes, and may include constraints specific to the Data Spaces requirements (cf. Section Context). As such this collection of SHACL expressions can be used to build a validation check for data, yet with caution.

It is up to the implementers to define the validation they expect. Each implementation happens within a context, and that context is beyond the SHACL expressions here.

The shapes can be found here.

Profile in Turtle format

All classes, properties and individuals used in the LanguageDCAT-AP profile are available in a file in Turtle format here.

Examples

Source File

{
  "@context": {
    "edc": "https://w3id.org/edc/v0.0.1/ns/",
    "dcat": "http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#",
    "dcatlds": "http://w3id.org/lang-dcat-ap/",
    "dct": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/",
    "adms": "http://www.w3.org/ns/adms#",
    "ms": "http://w3id.org/meta-share/meta-share/",
    "loc": "http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/iso639-1/",
    "iana": "http://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/application/",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#",
    "foaf": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/",
    "@vocab": "https://w3id.org/edc/v0.0.1/ns/",
    "odrl": "http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/",
    "dspace": "https://w3id.org/dspace/v0.8/",
    "omtd": "http://w3id.org/meta-share/omtd-share/",
    "xsd": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#",
    "euvoc_auth": "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/authority/",
    "schema": "https://schema.org/",
    "owl": "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#",
    "lds": "https://lds.eu/",
    "skos": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#",
    "dcmitype": "http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/",
    "lexmeta": "http://w3id.org/meta-share/lexmeta#",
    "dpv": "https://w3id.org/dpv#",
    "it6": "http://data.europa.eu/it6/"
  },
  "ms:lrType": {
    "@id": "ms:corpus1"
  },
  "adms:identifier": [
    {
      "@type": "adms:Identifier",
      "skos:notation": {
        "@value": "https://doi.org/10.57771/rnyr-fa06a",
        "@type": "xsd:string"
      },
      "adms:schemaAgency": [
        {
          "@value": "European Language Grid",
          "@language": "en"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "dct:title": [
    {
      "@value": "ABSITA dataset1",
      "@language": "en"
    }
  ],
  "dct:description": [
    {
      "@value": "The ABSITA dataset contains 4,121 reviews written in Italian and collected from the website booking.com. Reviews are annotated according to seven aspects: pulizia (cleanliness), comfort, servizi (amenities), staff, qualita-prezzo (value), wifi (wireless Internet connection) and posizione (location). For each aspect, the polarity (positive, negative) of its mention has been annotated. The positive and negative polarities are annotated independently, thus for each aspect four sentiment classes are possible: positive (positive=1, negative=0), negative (positive=0, negative=1), neutral (positive=0, negative=0), mixed (positive=1, negative=1).The dataset has been created and used in the context of the ABSITA task (http://sag.art.uniroma2.it/absita/), organised as part of EVALITA 2018 (http://www.evalita.it/2018).",
      "@language": "en"
    }
  ],
  "dcat:version": "1.0.0",
  "dcat:keyword": [
    {
      "@value": "reviews",
      "@language": "en"
    },
    {
      "@value": "Italian language",
      "@language": "en"
    },
    {
      "@value": "aspect term",
      "@language": "en"
    },
    {
      "@value": "aspect-based sentiment analysis",
      "@language": "en"
    }
  ],
  "dct:publisher": {
    "@id": "dcatlds:company-a",
    "@type": "foaf:Organization",
    "foaf:name": [
      {
        "@value": "Company A",
        "@language": "en"
      }
    ]
  },
  "dcat:distribution": [
    {
      "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
      "ms:size": [
        {
          "ms:amount": 4121,
          "ms:sizeUnit": {
            "@id": "ms:text1"
          }
        }
      ],
      "dcat:packageFormat": {
        "@id": "omtd:Zip"
      },
      "dcat:byteSize": 422988,
      "dcat:downloadURL": "https://example.com/data.zip",
      "dcat:mediaType": [
        {
          "@id": "https://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/text/csv"
        }
      ],
      "dct:format": [
        {
          "@id": "omtd:Csv"
        }
      ],
      "schema:name": "NbWQKWey"
    }
  ],
  "ms:isDocumentedBy": [
    {
      "@id": "https://lds.eu/af30cd10-766c-49d3-b7c6-24ab32f7df40",
      "@type": "foaf:Document",
      "ms:citationText": [
        {
          "@value": "Basile, P., Croce, D., Basile, V., & Polignano, M. (2018). Overview of the EVALITA 2018 Aspect-based Sentiment Analysis task (ABSITA). In EVALITA Evaluation of NLP and Speech Tools for Italian (pp. 1-10). CEUR. ISO 690",
          "@language": "en"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "ms:corpusSubclass": {
    "@id": "ms:annotatedCorpus"
  },
  "ms:sensitiveDataIncluded": {
    "@id": "ms:noS"
  },
  "ms:personalDataIncluded": {
    "@id": "ms:noP"
  },
  "ms:anonymized": {
    "@id": "ms:noA"
  },
  "ms:mediaType": [
    {
      "@id": "ms:text"
    }
  ],
  "ms:lingualityType": {
    "@id": "ms:monolingual"
  },
  "ms:language": [
    {
      "@type": "ms:Language",
      "ms:languageCode": {
        "@id": "http://w3id.org/meta-share/bcp47/language_it"
      },
      "ms:languageTag": "it"
    }
  ],
  "dct:language": [
    {
      "@id": "euvoc_auth:language/ITA"
    }
  ],
  "@type": "dcat:Dataset",
  "odrl:hasPolicy": [
    {
      "odrl:obligation": {
        "odrl:action": {
          "@id": "http://creativecommons.org/ns#ShareAlike"
        }
      },
      "foaf:logo": {
        "@id": "https://licensebuttons.net/l/by-nc-sa/4.0/88x31.png"
      },
      "@type": "odrl:Offer",
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The following considerations are for informational purposes only, are not exhaustive, and do not form part of our licenses.\n\nConsiderations for licensors: Our public licenses are intended for use by those authorized to give the public permission to use material in ways otherwise restricted by copyright and certain other rights. Our licenses are irrevocable. Licensors should read and understand the terms and conditions of the license they choose before applying it. Licensors should also secure all rights necessary before applying our licenses so that the public can reuse the material as expected. Licensors should clearly mark any material not subject to the license. This includes other CC-licensed material, or material used under an exception or limitation to copyright. More considerations for licensors.\n\nConsiderations for the public: By using one of our public licenses, a licensor grants the public permission to use the licensed material under specified terms and conditions. If the licensor’s permission is not necessary for any reason–for example, because of any applicable exception or limitation to copyright–then that use is not regulated by the license. Our licenses grant only permissions under copyright and certain other rights that a licensor has authority to grant. Use of the licensed material may still be restricted for other reasons, including because others have copyright or other rights in the material. A licensor may make special requests, such as asking that all changes be marked or described. Although not required by our licenses, you are encouraged to respect those requests where reasonable. More considerations for the public.\n\nCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License\n\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\n\nSection 1 – Definitions.\n\n     a.\tAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\n\n     b.\tAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\n\n     c.\tBY-NC-SA Compatible License means a license listed at creativecommons.org/compatiblelicenses, approved by Creative Commons as essentially the equivalent of this Public License.\n\n     d.\tCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\n\n     e.\tEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\n\n     f.\tExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\n\n     g.\tLicense Elements means the license attributes listed in the name of a Creative Commons Public License. The License Elements of this Public License are Attribution, NonCommercial, and ShareAlike.\n\n     h.\tLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\n\n     i.\tLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\n\n     j.\tLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\n\n     k.\tNonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.\n\n     l.\tShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\n\n     m.\tSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\n\n     n.\tYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\n\nSection 2 – Scope.\n\n     a.\tLicense grant.\n\n          1. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\n\n               A. reproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and\n\n               B. produce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.\n\n          2. Exceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\n\n          3. Term. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\n\n          4. Media and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\n\n          5. Downstream recipients.\n\n               A. Offer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\n\n               B. Additional offer from the Licensor – Adapted Material. Every recipient of Adapted Material from You automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Adapted Material under the conditions of the Adapter’s License You apply.\n\n               C. No downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\n\n          6. No endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\n\n     b.\tOther rights.\n\n          1. Moral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\n\n          2. Patent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\n\n          3. To the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.\n\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\n\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\n\n     a.\tAttribution.\n\n          1. If You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\n\n               A. retain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\n\n                    i.\tidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\n\n                    ii.\ta copyright notice;\n\n                    iii. a notice that refers to this Public License;\n\n                    iv.\ta notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\n\n                    v.\ta URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\n\n               B. indicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\n\n               C. indicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\n\n          2. You may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\n\n          3. If requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\n\n     b.\tShareAlike.In addition to the conditions in Section 3(a), if You Share Adapted Material You produce, the following conditions also apply.\n\n          1. The Adapter’s License You apply must be a Creative Commons license with the same License Elements, this version or later, or a BY-NC-SA Compatible License.\n\n          2. You must include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, the Adapter's License You apply. You may satisfy this condition in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share Adapted Material.\n\n          3. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, Adapted Material that restrict exercise of the rights granted under the Adapter's License You apply.\n\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\n\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\n\n     a.\tfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only;\n\n     b.\tif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material, including for purposes of Section 3(b); and\n\n     c.\tYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\n\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\n\n     a.\tUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\n\n     b.\tTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\n\n     c.\tThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\n\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\n\n     a.\tThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\n\n     b.\tWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\n\n          1.\tautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\n\n          2.\tupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\n\n     For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\n\n     c.\tFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\n\n     d.\tSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\n\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\n\n     a.\tThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\n\n     b.\tAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\n\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\n\n     a.\tFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\n\n     b.\tTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. 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The following considerations are for informational purposes only, are not exhaustive, and do not form part of our licenses.\n\nConsiderations for licensors: Our public licenses are intended for use by those authorized to give the public permission to use material in ways otherwise restricted by copyright and certain other rights. Our licenses are irrevocable. Licensors should read and understand the terms and conditions of the license they choose before applying it. Licensors should also secure all rights necessary before applying our licenses so that the public can reuse the material as expected. Licensors should clearly mark any material not subject to the license. This includes other CC-licensed material, or material used under an exception or limitation to copyright. More considerations for licensors.\n\nConsiderations for the public: By using one of our public licenses, a licensor grants the public permission to use the licensed material under specified terms and conditions. If the licensor’s permission is not necessary for any reason–for example, because of any applicable exception or limitation to copyright–then that use is not regulated by the license. Our licenses grant only permissions under copyright and certain other rights that a licensor has authority to grant. Use of the licensed material may still be restricted for other reasons, including because others have copyright or other rights in the material. A licensor may make special requests, such as asking that all changes be marked or described. Although not required by our licenses, you are encouraged to respect those requests where reasonable. More considerations for the public.\n\nCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License\n\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\n\nSection 1 – Definitions.\n\n     a.\tAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\n\n     b.\tAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\n\n     c.\tBY-NC-SA Compatible License means a license listed at creativecommons.org/compatiblelicenses, approved by Creative Commons as essentially the equivalent of this Public License.\n\n     d.\tCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\n\n     e.\tEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\n\n     f.\tExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\n\n     g.\tLicense Elements means the license attributes listed in the name of a Creative Commons Public License. The License Elements of this Public License are Attribution, NonCommercial, and ShareAlike.\n\n     h.\tLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\n\n     i.\tLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\n\n     j.\tLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\n\n     k.\tNonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.\n\n     l.\tShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\n\n     m.\tSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\n\n     n.\tYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\n\nSection 2 – Scope.\n\n     a.\tLicense grant.\n\n          1. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\n\n               A. reproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and\n\n               B. produce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.\n\n          2. Exceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\n\n          3. Term. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\n\n          4. Media and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\n\n          5. Downstream recipients.\n\n               A. Offer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\n\n               B. Additional offer from the Licensor – Adapted Material. 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In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.\n\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\n\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\n\n     a.\tAttribution.\n\n          1. 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Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\n\n     c.\tThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\n\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\n\n     a.\tThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\n\n     b.\tWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\n\n          1.\tautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\n\n          2.\tupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\n\n     For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\n\n     c.\tFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\n\n     d.\tSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\n\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\n\n     a.\tThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\n\n     b.\tAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\n\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\n\n     a.\tFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\n\n     b.\tTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. 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The following considerations are for informational purposes only, are not exhaustive, and do not form part of our licenses.\n\nConsiderations for licensors: Our public licenses are intended for use by those authorized to give the public permission to use material in ways otherwise restricted by copyright and certain other rights. Our licenses are irrevocable. Licensors should read and understand the terms and conditions of the license they choose before applying it. Licensors should also secure all rights necessary before applying our licenses so that the public can reuse the material as expected. Licensors should clearly mark any material not subject to the license. This includes other CC-licensed material, or material used under an exception or limitation to copyright. More considerations for licensors.\n\nConsiderations for the public: By using one of our public licenses, a licensor grants the public permission to use the licensed material under specified terms and conditions. If the licensor’s permission is not necessary for any reason–for example, because of any applicable exception or limitation to copyright–then that use is not regulated by the license. Our licenses grant only permissions under copyright and certain other rights that a licensor has authority to grant. Use of the licensed material may still be restricted for other reasons, including because others have copyright or other rights in the material. A licensor may make special requests, such as asking that all changes be marked or described. Although not required by our licenses, you are encouraged to respect those requests where reasonable. More considerations for the public.\n\nCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License\n\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\n\nSection 1 – Definitions.\n\n     a.\tAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\n\n     b.\tAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\n\n     c.\tBY-NC-SA Compatible License means a license listed at creativecommons.org/compatiblelicenses, approved by Creative Commons as essentially the equivalent of this Public License.\n\n     d.\tCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\n\n     e.\tEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\n\n     f.\tExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\n\n     g.\tLicense Elements means the license attributes listed in the name of a Creative Commons Public License. The License Elements of this Public License are Attribution, NonCommercial, and ShareAlike.\n\n     h.\tLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\n\n     i.\tLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\n\n     j.\tLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\n\n     k.\tNonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.\n\n     l.\tShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\n\n     m.\tSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\n\n     n.\tYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\n\nSection 2 – Scope.\n\n     a.\tLicense grant.\n\n          1. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\n\n               A. reproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and\n\n               B. produce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.\n\n          2. Exceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\n\n          3. Term. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\n\n          4. Media and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\n\n          5. Downstream recipients.\n\n               A. Offer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\n\n               B. Additional offer from the Licensor – Adapted Material. Every recipient of Adapted Material from You automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Adapted Material under the conditions of the Adapter’s License You apply.\n\n               C. No downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\n\n          6. No endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\n\n     b.\tOther rights.\n\n          1. Moral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\n\n          2. Patent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\n\n          3. To the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.\n\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\n\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\n\n     a.\tAttribution.\n\n          1. If You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\n\n               A. retain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\n\n                    i.\tidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\n\n                    ii.\ta copyright notice;\n\n                    iii. a notice that refers to this Public License;\n\n                    iv.\ta notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\n\n                    v.\ta URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\n\n               B. indicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\n\n               C. indicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\n\n          2. You may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\n\n          3. If requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\n\n     b.\tShareAlike.In addition to the conditions in Section 3(a), if You Share Adapted Material You produce, the following conditions also apply.\n\n          1. The Adapter’s License You apply must be a Creative Commons license with the same License Elements, this version or later, or a BY-NC-SA Compatible License.\n\n          2. You must include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, the Adapter's License You apply. You may satisfy this condition in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share Adapted Material.\n\n          3. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, Adapted Material that restrict exercise of the rights granted under the Adapter's License You apply.\n\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\n\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\n\n     a.\tfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only;\n\n     b.\tif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material, including for purposes of Section 3(b); and\n\n     c.\tYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\n\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\n\n     a.\tUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\n\n     b.\tTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\n\n     c.\tThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\n\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\n\n     a.\tThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\n\n     b.\tWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\n\n          1.\tautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\n\n          2.\tupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\n\n     For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\n\n     c.\tFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\n\n     d.\tSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\n\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\n\n     a.\tThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\n\n     b.\tAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\n\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\n\n     a.\tFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\n\n     b.\tTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\n\n     c.\tNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\n\n     d.\tNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.\n\nCreative Commons is not a party to its public licenses. Notwithstanding, Creative Commons may elect to apply one of its public licenses to material it publishes and in those instances will be considered the “Licensor.” Except for the limited purpose of indicating that material is shared under a Creative Commons public license or as otherwise permitted by the Creative Commons policies published at creativecommons.org/policies, Creative Commons does not authorize the use of the trademark “Creative Commons” or any other trademark or logo of Creative Commons without its prior written consent including, without limitation, in connection with any unauthorized modifications to any of its public licenses or any other arrangements, understandings, or agreements concerning use of licensed material. For the avoidance of doubt, this paragraph does not form part of the public licenses.\n\nCreative Commons may be contacted at creativecommons.org.\n",
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          "@value": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International\n\n Creative Commons Corporation (“Creative Commons”) is not a law firm and does not provide legal services or legal advice. Distribution of Creative Commons public licenses does not create a lawyer-client or other relationship. Creative Commons makes its licenses and related information available on an “as-is” basis. Creative Commons gives no warranties regarding its licenses, any material licensed under their terms and conditions, or any related information. Creative Commons disclaims all liability for damages resulting from their use to the fullest extent possible.\n\nUsing Creative Commons Public Licenses\n\nCreative Commons public licenses provide a standard set of terms and conditions that creators and other rights holders may use to share original works of authorship and other material subject to copyright and certain other rights specified in the public license below. The following considerations are for informational purposes only, are not exhaustive, and do not form part of our licenses.\n\nConsiderations for licensors: Our public licenses are intended for use by those authorized to give the public permission to use material in ways otherwise restricted by copyright and certain other rights. Our licenses are irrevocable. Licensors should read and understand the terms and conditions of the license they choose before applying it. Licensors should also secure all rights necessary before applying our licenses so that the public can reuse the material as expected. Licensors should clearly mark any material not subject to the license. This includes other CC-licensed material, or material used under an exception or limitation to copyright. More considerations for licensors.\n\nConsiderations for the public: By using one of our public licenses, a licensor grants the public permission to use the licensed material under specified terms and conditions. If the licensor’s permission is not necessary for any reason–for example, because of any applicable exception or limitation to copyright–then that use is not regulated by the license. Our licenses grant only permissions under copyright and certain other rights that a licensor has authority to grant. Use of the licensed material may still be restricted for other reasons, including because others have copyright or other rights in the material. A licensor may make special requests, such as asking that all changes be marked or described. Although not required by our licenses, you are encouraged to respect those requests where reasonable. More considerations for the public.\n\nCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License\n\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\n\nSection 1 – Definitions.\n\n     a.\tAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\n\n     b.\tAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\n\n     c.\tBY-NC-SA Compatible License means a license listed at creativecommons.org/compatiblelicenses, approved by Creative Commons as essentially the equivalent of this Public License.\n\n     d.\tCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\n\n     e.\tEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\n\n     f.\tExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\n\n     g.\tLicense Elements means the license attributes listed in the name of a Creative Commons Public License. The License Elements of this Public License are Attribution, NonCommercial, and ShareAlike.\n\n     h.\tLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\n\n     i.\tLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\n\n     j.\tLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\n\n     k.\tNonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.\n\n     l.\tShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\n\n     m.\tSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\n\n     n.\tYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\n\nSection 2 – Scope.\n\n     a.\tLicense grant.\n\n          1. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\n\n               A. reproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and\n\n               B. produce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.\n\n          2. Exceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\n\n          3. Term. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\n\n          4. Media and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\n\n          5. Downstream recipients.\n\n               A. Offer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\n\n               B. Additional offer from the Licensor – Adapted Material. Every recipient of Adapted Material from You automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Adapted Material under the conditions of the Adapter’s License You apply.\n\n               C. No downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\n\n          6. No endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\n\n     b.\tOther rights.\n\n          1. Moral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\n\n          2. Patent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\n\n          3. To the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.\n\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\n\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\n\n     a.\tAttribution.\n\n          1. If You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\n\n               A. retain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\n\n                    i.\tidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\n\n                    ii.\ta copyright notice;\n\n                    iii. a notice that refers to this Public License;\n\n                    iv.\ta notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\n\n                    v.\ta URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\n\n               B. indicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\n\n               C. indicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\n\n          2. You may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\n\n          3. If requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\n\n     b.\tShareAlike.In addition to the conditions in Section 3(a), if You Share Adapted Material You produce, the following conditions also apply.\n\n          1. The Adapter’s License You apply must be a Creative Commons license with the same License Elements, this version or later, or a BY-NC-SA Compatible License.\n\n          2. You must include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, the Adapter's License You apply. You may satisfy this condition in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share Adapted Material.\n\n          3. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, Adapted Material that restrict exercise of the rights granted under the Adapter's License You apply.\n\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\n\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\n\n     a.\tfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only;\n\n     b.\tif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material, including for purposes of Section 3(b); and\n\n     c.\tYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\n\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\n\n     a.\tUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. 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Your has a corresponding meaning.\n\nSection 2 – Scope.\n\n     a.\tLicense grant.\n\n          1. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\n\n               A. reproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and\n\n               B. produce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.\n\n          2. Exceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\n\n          3. Term. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\n\n          4. Media and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\n\n          5. Downstream recipients.\n\n               A. Offer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\n\n               B. Additional offer from the Licensor – Adapted Material. Every recipient of Adapted Material from You automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Adapted Material under the conditions of the Adapter’s License You apply.\n\n               C. No downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\n\n          6. No endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\n\n     b.\tOther rights.\n\n          1. Moral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\n\n          2. Patent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\n\n          3. To the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.\n\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\n\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\n\n     a.\tAttribution.\n\n          1. 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You may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\n\n          3. If requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\n\n     b.\tShareAlike.In addition to the conditions in Section 3(a), if You Share Adapted Material You produce, the following conditions also apply.\n\n          1. The Adapter’s License You apply must be a Creative Commons license with the same License Elements, this version or later, or a BY-NC-SA Compatible License.\n\n          2. You must include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, the Adapter's License You apply. You may satisfy this condition in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share Adapted Material.\n\n          3. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, Adapted Material that restrict exercise of the rights granted under the Adapter's License You apply.\n\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\n\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\n\n     a.\tfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only;\n\n     b.\tif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material, including for purposes of Section 3(b); and\n\n     c.\tYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\n\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\n\n     a.\tUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\n\n     b.\tTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\n\n     c.\tThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\n\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\n\n     a.\tThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\n\n     b.\tWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\n\n          1.\tautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\n\n          2.\tupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\n\n     For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\n\n     c.\tFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\n\n     d.\tSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\n\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\n\n     a.\tThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\n\n     b.\tAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\n\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\n\n     a.\tFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\n\n     b.\tTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\n\n     c.\tNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\n\n     d.\tNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.\n\nCreative Commons is not a party to its public licenses. 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          "@value": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International\n\n Creative Commons Corporation (“Creative Commons”) is not a law firm and does not provide legal services or legal advice. Distribution of Creative Commons public licenses does not create a lawyer-client or other relationship. Creative Commons makes its licenses and related information available on an “as-is” basis. Creative Commons gives no warranties regarding its licenses, any material licensed under their terms and conditions, or any related information. Creative Commons disclaims all liability for damages resulting from their use to the fullest extent possible.\n\nUsing Creative Commons Public Licenses\n\nCreative Commons public licenses provide a standard set of terms and conditions that creators and other rights holders may use to share original works of authorship and other material subject to copyright and certain other rights specified in the public license below. The following considerations are for informational purposes only, are not exhaustive, and do not form part of our licenses.\n\nConsiderations for licensors: Our public licenses are intended for use by those authorized to give the public permission to use material in ways otherwise restricted by copyright and certain other rights. Our licenses are irrevocable. Licensors should read and understand the terms and conditions of the license they choose before applying it. Licensors should also secure all rights necessary before applying our licenses so that the public can reuse the material as expected. Licensors should clearly mark any material not subject to the license. This includes other CC-licensed material, or material used under an exception or limitation to copyright. More considerations for licensors.\n\nConsiderations for the public: By using one of our public licenses, a licensor grants the public permission to use the licensed material under specified terms and conditions. If the licensor’s permission is not necessary for any reason–for example, because of any applicable exception or limitation to copyright–then that use is not regulated by the license. Our licenses grant only permissions under copyright and certain other rights that a licensor has authority to grant. Use of the licensed material may still be restricted for other reasons, including because others have copyright or other rights in the material. A licensor may make special requests, such as asking that all changes be marked or described. Although not required by our licenses, you are encouraged to respect those requests where reasonable. More considerations for the public.\n\nCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License\n\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\n\nSection 1 – Definitions.\n\n     a.\tAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\n\n     b.\tAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\n\n     c.\tBY-NC-SA Compatible License means a license listed at creativecommons.org/compatiblelicenses, approved by Creative Commons as essentially the equivalent of this Public License.\n\n     d.\tCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\n\n     e.\tEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\n\n     f.\tExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\n\n     g.\tLicense Elements means the license attributes listed in the name of a Creative Commons Public License. The License Elements of this Public License are Attribution, NonCommercial, and ShareAlike.\n\n     h.\tLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\n\n     i.\tLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\n\n     j.\tLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\n\n     k.\tNonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.\n\n     l.\tShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\n\n     m.\tSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\n\n     n.\tYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\n\nSection 2 – Scope.\n\n     a.\tLicense grant.\n\n          1. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\n\n               A. reproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and\n\n               B. produce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.\n\n          2. Exceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\n\n          3. Term. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\n\n          4. Media and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\n\n          5. Downstream recipients.\n\n               A. Offer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\n\n               B. Additional offer from the Licensor – Adapted Material. Every recipient of Adapted Material from You automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Adapted Material under the conditions of the Adapter’s License You apply.\n\n               C. No downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\n\n          6. No endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\n\n     b.\tOther rights.\n\n          1. Moral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\n\n          2. Patent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\n\n          3. To the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.\n\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\n\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\n\n     a.\tAttribution.\n\n          1. If You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\n\n               A. retain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\n\n                    i.\tidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\n\n                    ii.\ta copyright notice;\n\n                    iii. a notice that refers to this Public License;\n\n                    iv.\ta notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\n\n                    v.\ta URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\n\n               B. indicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\n\n               C. indicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\n\n          2. You may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\n\n          3. If requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\n\n     b.\tShareAlike.In addition to the conditions in Section 3(a), if You Share Adapted Material You produce, the following conditions also apply.\n\n          1. The Adapter’s License You apply must be a Creative Commons license with the same License Elements, this version or later, or a BY-NC-SA Compatible License.\n\n          2. You must include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, the Adapter's License You apply. You may satisfy this condition in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share Adapted Material.\n\n          3. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, Adapted Material that restrict exercise of the rights granted under the Adapter's License You apply.\n\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\n\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\n\n     a.\tfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only;\n\n     b.\tif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material, including for purposes of Section 3(b); and\n\n     c.\tYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\n\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\n\n     a.\tUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\n\n     b.\tTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\n\n     c.\tThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\n\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\n\n     a.\tThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\n\n     b.\tWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\n\n          1.\tautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\n\n          2.\tupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\n\n     For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\n\n     c.\tFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\n\n     d.\tSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\n\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\n\n     a.\tThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\n\n     b.\tAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\n\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\n\n     a.\tFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\n\n     b.\tTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\n\n     c.\tNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\n\n     d.\tNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.\n\nCreative Commons is not a party to its public licenses. Notwithstanding, Creative Commons may elect to apply one of its public licenses to material it publishes and in those instances will be considered the “Licensor.” Except for the limited purpose of indicating that material is shared under a Creative Commons public license or as otherwise permitted by the Creative Commons policies published at creativecommons.org/policies, Creative Commons does not authorize the use of the trademark “Creative Commons” or any other trademark or logo of Creative Commons without its prior written consent including, without limitation, in connection with any unauthorized modifications to any of its public licenses or any other arrangements, understandings, or agreements concerning use of licensed material. For the avoidance of doubt, this paragraph does not form part of the public licenses.\n\nCreative Commons may be contacted at creativecommons.org.\n",
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      "dct:description": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International\n\n Creative Commons Corporation (“Creative Commons”) is not a law firm and does not provide legal services or legal advice. Distribution of Creative Commons public licenses does not create a lawyer-client or other relationship. Creative Commons makes its licenses and related information available on an “as-is” basis. Creative Commons gives no warranties regarding its licenses, any material licensed under their terms and conditions, or any related information. Creative Commons disclaims all liability for damages resulting from their use to the fullest extent possible.\n\nUsing Creative Commons Public Licenses\n\nCreative Commons public licenses provide a standard set of terms and conditions that creators and other rights holders may use to share original works of authorship and other material subject to copyright and certain other rights specified in the public license below. The following considerations are for informational purposes only, are not exhaustive, and do not form part of our licenses.\n\nConsiderations for licensors: Our public licenses are intended for use by those authorized to give the public permission to use material in ways otherwise restricted by copyright and certain other rights. Our licenses are irrevocable. Licensors should read and understand the terms and conditions of the license they choose before applying it. Licensors should also secure all rights necessary before applying our licenses so that the public can reuse the material as expected. Licensors should clearly mark any material not subject to the license. This includes other CC-licensed material, or material used under an exception or limitation to copyright. More considerations for licensors.\n\nConsiderations for the public: By using one of our public licenses, a licensor grants the public permission to use the licensed material under specified terms and conditions. If the licensor’s permission is not necessary for any reason–for example, because of any applicable exception or limitation to copyright–then that use is not regulated by the license. Our licenses grant only permissions under copyright and certain other rights that a licensor has authority to grant. Use of the licensed material may still be restricted for other reasons, including because others have copyright or other rights in the material. A licensor may make special requests, such as asking that all changes be marked or described. Although not required by our licenses, you are encouraged to respect those requests where reasonable. More considerations for the public.\n\nCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License\n\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\n\nSection 1 – Definitions.\n\n     a.\tAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\n\n     b.\tAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\n\n     c.\tBY-NC-SA Compatible License means a license listed at creativecommons.org/compatiblelicenses, approved by Creative Commons as essentially the equivalent of this Public License.\n\n     d.\tCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\n\n     e.\tEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\n\n     f.\tExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\n\n     g.\tLicense Elements means the license attributes listed in the name of a Creative Commons Public License. The License Elements of this Public License are Attribution, NonCommercial, and ShareAlike.\n\n     h.\tLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\n\n     i.\tLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\n\n     j.\tLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\n\n     k.\tNonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.\n\n     l.\tShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\n\n     m.\tSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\n\n     n.\tYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\n\nSection 2 – Scope.\n\n     a.\tLicense grant.\n\n          1. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\n\n               A. reproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and\n\n               B. produce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.\n\n          2. Exceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\n\n          3. Term. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\n\n          4. Media and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\n\n          5. Downstream recipients.\n\n               A. Offer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\n\n               B. Additional offer from the Licensor – Adapted Material. Every recipient of Adapted Material from You automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Adapted Material under the conditions of the Adapter’s License You apply.\n\n               C. No downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\n\n          6. No endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\n\n     b.\tOther rights.\n\n          1. Moral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\n\n          2. Patent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\n\n          3. To the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.\n\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\n\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\n\n     a.\tAttribution.\n\n          1. If You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\n\n               A. retain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\n\n                    i.\tidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\n\n                    ii.\ta copyright notice;\n\n                    iii. a notice that refers to this Public License;\n\n                    iv.\ta notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\n\n                    v.\ta URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\n\n               B. indicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\n\n               C. indicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\n\n          2. You may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\n\n          3. If requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\n\n     b.\tShareAlike.In addition to the conditions in Section 3(a), if You Share Adapted Material You produce, the following conditions also apply.\n\n          1. The Adapter’s License You apply must be a Creative Commons license with the same License Elements, this version or later, or a BY-NC-SA Compatible License.\n\n          2. You must include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, the Adapter's License You apply. You may satisfy this condition in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share Adapted Material.\n\n          3. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, Adapted Material that restrict exercise of the rights granted under the Adapter's License You apply.\n\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\n\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\n\n     a.\tfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only;\n\n     b.\tif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material, including for purposes of Section 3(b); and\n\n     c.\tYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\n\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\n\n     a.\tUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\n\n     b.\tTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\n\n     c.\tThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\n\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\n\n     a.\tThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\n\n     b.\tWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\n\n          1.\tautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\n\n          2.\tupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\n\n     For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\n\n     c.\tFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\n\n     d.\tSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\n\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\n\n     a.\tThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\n\n     b.\tAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\n\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\n\n     a.\tFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\n\n     b.\tTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. 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          "@value": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International\n\n Creative Commons Corporation (“Creative Commons”) is not a law firm and does not provide legal services or legal advice. Distribution of Creative Commons public licenses does not create a lawyer-client or other relationship. Creative Commons makes its licenses and related information available on an “as-is” basis. Creative Commons gives no warranties regarding its licenses, any material licensed under their terms and conditions, or any related information. Creative Commons disclaims all liability for damages resulting from their use to the fullest extent possible.\n\nUsing Creative Commons Public Licenses\n\nCreative Commons public licenses provide a standard set of terms and conditions that creators and other rights holders may use to share original works of authorship and other material subject to copyright and certain other rights specified in the public license below. The following considerations are for informational purposes only, are not exhaustive, and do not form part of our licenses.\n\nConsiderations for licensors: Our public licenses are intended for use by those authorized to give the public permission to use material in ways otherwise restricted by copyright and certain other rights. Our licenses are irrevocable. Licensors should read and understand the terms and conditions of the license they choose before applying it. Licensors should also secure all rights necessary before applying our licenses so that the public can reuse the material as expected. Licensors should clearly mark any material not subject to the license. This includes other CC-licensed material, or material used under an exception or limitation to copyright. More considerations for licensors.\n\nConsiderations for the public: By using one of our public licenses, a licensor grants the public permission to use the licensed material under specified terms and conditions. If the licensor’s permission is not necessary for any reason–for example, because of any applicable exception or limitation to copyright–then that use is not regulated by the license. Our licenses grant only permissions under copyright and certain other rights that a licensor has authority to grant. Use of the licensed material may still be restricted for other reasons, including because others have copyright or other rights in the material. A licensor may make special requests, such as asking that all changes be marked or described. Although not required by our licenses, you are encouraged to respect those requests where reasonable. More considerations for the public.\n\nCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License\n\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\n\nSection 1 – Definitions.\n\n     a.\tAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\n\n     b.\tAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\n\n     c.\tBY-NC-SA Compatible License means a license listed at creativecommons.org/compatiblelicenses, approved by Creative Commons as essentially the equivalent of this Public License.\n\n     d.\tCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\n\n     e.\tEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\n\n     f.\tExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\n\n     g.\tLicense Elements means the license attributes listed in the name of a Creative Commons Public License. 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For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.\n\n     l.\tShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\n\n     m.\tSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\n\n     n.\tYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\n\nSection 2 – Scope.\n\n     a.\tLicense grant.\n\n          1. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\n\n               A. reproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and\n\n               B. produce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.\n\n          2. Exceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\n\n          3. Term. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\n\n          4. Media and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\n\n          5. Downstream recipients.\n\n               A. Offer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\n\n               B. Additional offer from the Licensor – Adapted Material. Every recipient of Adapted Material from You automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Adapted Material under the conditions of the Adapter’s License You apply.\n\n               C. No downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\n\n          6. No endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\n\n     b.\tOther rights.\n\n          1. Moral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\n\n          2. Patent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\n\n          3. To the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.\n\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\n\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\n\n     a.\tAttribution.\n\n          1. If You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\n\n               A. retain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\n\n                    i.\tidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\n\n                    ii.\ta copyright notice;\n\n                    iii. a notice that refers to this Public License;\n\n                    iv.\ta notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\n\n                    v.\ta URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\n\n               B. indicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\n\n               C. indicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\n\n          2. You may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\n\n          3. If requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\n\n     b.\tShareAlike.In addition to the conditions in Section 3(a), if You Share Adapted Material You produce, the following conditions also apply.\n\n          1. The Adapter’s License You apply must be a Creative Commons license with the same License Elements, this version or later, or a BY-NC-SA Compatible License.\n\n          2. You must include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, the Adapter's License You apply. You may satisfy this condition in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share Adapted Material.\n\n          3. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, Adapted Material that restrict exercise of the rights granted under the Adapter's License You apply.\n\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\n\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\n\n     a.\tfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only;\n\n     b.\tif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material, including for purposes of Section 3(b); and\n\n     c.\tYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\n\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\n\n     a.\tUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\n\n     b.\tTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\n\n     c.\tThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\n\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\n\n     a.\tThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\n\n     b.\tWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\n\n          1.\tautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\n\n          2.\tupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\n\n     For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\n\n     c.\tFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\n\n     d.\tSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\n\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\n\n     a.\tThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\n\n     b.\tAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\n\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\n\n     a.\tFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\n\n     b.\tTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\n\n     c.\tNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\n\n     d.\tNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.\n\nCreative Commons is not a party to its public licenses. Notwithstanding, Creative Commons may elect to apply one of its public licenses to material it publishes and in those instances will be considered the “Licensor.” Except for the limited purpose of indicating that material is shared under a Creative Commons public license or as otherwise permitted by the Creative Commons policies published at creativecommons.org/policies, Creative Commons does not authorize the use of the trademark “Creative Commons” or any other trademark or logo of Creative Commons without its prior written consent including, without limitation, in connection with any unauthorized modifications to any of its public licenses or any other arrangements, understandings, or agreements concerning use of licensed material. For the avoidance of doubt, this paragraph does not form part of the public licenses.\n\nCreative Commons may be contacted at creativecommons.org.\n",
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      "dct:description": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International\n\n Creative Commons Corporation (“Creative Commons”) is not a law firm and does not provide legal services or legal advice. Distribution of Creative Commons public licenses does not create a lawyer-client or other relationship. Creative Commons makes its licenses and related information available on an “as-is” basis. Creative Commons gives no warranties regarding its licenses, any material licensed under their terms and conditions, or any related information. Creative Commons disclaims all liability for damages resulting from their use to the fullest extent possible.\n\nUsing Creative Commons Public Licenses\n\nCreative Commons public licenses provide a standard set of terms and conditions that creators and other rights holders may use to share original works of authorship and other material subject to copyright and certain other rights specified in the public license below. The following considerations are for informational purposes only, are not exhaustive, and do not form part of our licenses.\n\nConsiderations for licensors: Our public licenses are intended for use by those authorized to give the public permission to use material in ways otherwise restricted by copyright and certain other rights. Our licenses are irrevocable. Licensors should read and understand the terms and conditions of the license they choose before applying it. Licensors should also secure all rights necessary before applying our licenses so that the public can reuse the material as expected. Licensors should clearly mark any material not subject to the license. This includes other CC-licensed material, or material used under an exception or limitation to copyright. More considerations for licensors.\n\nConsiderations for the public: By using one of our public licenses, a licensor grants the public permission to use the licensed material under specified terms and conditions. If the licensor’s permission is not necessary for any reason–for example, because of any applicable exception or limitation to copyright–then that use is not regulated by the license. Our licenses grant only permissions under copyright and certain other rights that a licensor has authority to grant. Use of the licensed material may still be restricted for other reasons, including because others have copyright or other rights in the material. A licensor may make special requests, such as asking that all changes be marked or described. Although not required by our licenses, you are encouraged to respect those requests where reasonable. More considerations for the public.\n\nCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License\n\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\n\nSection 1 – Definitions.\n\n     a.\tAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\n\n     b.\tAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\n\n     c.\tBY-NC-SA Compatible License means a license listed at creativecommons.org/compatiblelicenses, approved by Creative Commons as essentially the equivalent of this Public License.\n\n     d.\tCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\n\n     e.\tEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\n\n     f.\tExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\n\n     g.\tLicense Elements means the license attributes listed in the name of a Creative Commons Public License. The License Elements of this Public License are Attribution, NonCommercial, and ShareAlike.\n\n     h.\tLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\n\n     i.\tLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\n\n     j.\tLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\n\n     k.\tNonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.\n\n     l.\tShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\n\n     m.\tSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\n\n     n.\tYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\n\nSection 2 – Scope.\n\n     a.\tLicense grant.\n\n          1. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\n\n               A. reproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and\n\n               B. produce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.\n\n          2. Exceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\n\n          3. Term. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\n\n          4. Media and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\n\n          5. Downstream recipients.\n\n               A. Offer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\n\n               B. Additional offer from the Licensor – Adapted Material. Every recipient of Adapted Material from You automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Adapted Material under the conditions of the Adapter’s License You apply.\n\n               C. No downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\n\n          6. No endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\n\n     b.\tOther rights.\n\n          1. Moral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\n\n          2. Patent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\n\n          3. To the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.\n\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\n\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\n\n     a.\tAttribution.\n\n          1. If You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\n\n               A. retain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\n\n                    i.\tidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\n\n                    ii.\ta copyright notice;\n\n                    iii. a notice that refers to this Public License;\n\n                    iv.\ta notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\n\n                    v.\ta URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\n\n               B. indicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\n\n               C. indicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\n\n          2. You may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\n\n          3. If requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\n\n     b.\tShareAlike.In addition to the conditions in Section 3(a), if You Share Adapted Material You produce, the following conditions also apply.\n\n          1. The Adapter’s License You apply must be a Creative Commons license with the same License Elements, this version or later, or a BY-NC-SA Compatible License.\n\n          2. You must include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, the Adapter's License You apply. You may satisfy this condition in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share Adapted Material.\n\n          3. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, Adapted Material that restrict exercise of the rights granted under the Adapter's License You apply.\n\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\n\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\n\n     a.\tfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only;\n\n     b.\tif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material, including for purposes of Section 3(b); and\n\n     c.\tYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\n\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\n\n     a.\tUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\n\n     b.\tTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\n\n     c.\tThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\n\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\n\n     a.\tThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\n\n     b.\tWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\n\n          1.\tautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\n\n          2.\tupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\n\n     For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\n\n     c.\tFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\n\n     d.\tSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\n\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\n\n     a.\tThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\n\n     b.\tAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\n\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\n\n     a.\tFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\n\n     b.\tTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\n\n     c.\tNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\n\n     d.\tNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.\n\nCreative Commons is not a party to its public licenses. 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          "@value": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International\n\n Creative Commons Corporation (“Creative Commons”) is not a law firm and does not provide legal services or legal advice. Distribution of Creative Commons public licenses does not create a lawyer-client or other relationship. Creative Commons makes its licenses and related information available on an “as-is” basis. Creative Commons gives no warranties regarding its licenses, any material licensed under their terms and conditions, or any related information. Creative Commons disclaims all liability for damages resulting from their use to the fullest extent possible.\n\nUsing Creative Commons Public Licenses\n\nCreative Commons public licenses provide a standard set of terms and conditions that creators and other rights holders may use to share original works of authorship and other material subject to copyright and certain other rights specified in the public license below. The following considerations are for informational purposes only, are not exhaustive, and do not form part of our licenses.\n\nConsiderations for licensors: Our public licenses are intended for use by those authorized to give the public permission to use material in ways otherwise restricted by copyright and certain other rights. Our licenses are irrevocable. Licensors should read and understand the terms and conditions of the license they choose before applying it. Licensors should also secure all rights necessary before applying our licenses so that the public can reuse the material as expected. Licensors should clearly mark any material not subject to the license. This includes other CC-licensed material, or material used under an exception or limitation to copyright. More considerations for licensors.\n\nConsiderations for the public: By using one of our public licenses, a licensor grants the public permission to use the licensed material under specified terms and conditions. If the licensor’s permission is not necessary for any reason–for example, because of any applicable exception or limitation to copyright–then that use is not regulated by the license. Our licenses grant only permissions under copyright and certain other rights that a licensor has authority to grant. Use of the licensed material may still be restricted for other reasons, including because others have copyright or other rights in the material. A licensor may make special requests, such as asking that all changes be marked or described. Although not required by our licenses, you are encouraged to respect those requests where reasonable. More considerations for the public.\n\nCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License\n\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\n\nSection 1 – Definitions.\n\n     a.\tAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\n\n     b.\tAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\n\n     c.\tBY-NC-SA Compatible License means a license listed at creativecommons.org/compatiblelicenses, approved by Creative Commons as essentially the equivalent of this Public License.\n\n     d.\tCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\n\n     e.\tEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\n\n     f.\tExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\n\n     g.\tLicense Elements means the license attributes listed in the name of a Creative Commons Public License. The License Elements of this Public License are Attribution, NonCommercial, and ShareAlike.\n\n     h.\tLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\n\n     i.\tLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\n\n     j.\tLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\n\n     k.\tNonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.\n\n     l.\tShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\n\n     m.\tSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\n\n     n.\tYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\n\nSection 2 – Scope.\n\n     a.\tLicense grant.\n\n          1. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\n\n               A. reproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and\n\n               B. produce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.\n\n          2. Exceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\n\n          3. Term. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\n\n          4. Media and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\n\n          5. Downstream recipients.\n\n               A. Offer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\n\n               B. Additional offer from the Licensor – Adapted Material. Every recipient of Adapted Material from You automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Adapted Material under the conditions of the Adapter’s License You apply.\n\n               C. No downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\n\n          6. No endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\n\n     b.\tOther rights.\n\n          1. Moral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\n\n          2. Patent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\n\n          3. To the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.\n\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\n\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\n\n     a.\tAttribution.\n\n          1. If You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\n\n               A. retain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\n\n                    i.\tidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\n\n                    ii.\ta copyright notice;\n\n                    iii. a notice that refers to this Public License;\n\n                    iv.\ta notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\n\n                    v.\ta URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\n\n               B. indicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\n\n               C. indicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\n\n          2. You may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\n\n          3. If requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\n\n     b.\tShareAlike.In addition to the conditions in Section 3(a), if You Share Adapted Material You produce, the following conditions also apply.\n\n          1. The Adapter’s License You apply must be a Creative Commons license with the same License Elements, this version or later, or a BY-NC-SA Compatible License.\n\n          2. You must include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, the Adapter's License You apply. You may satisfy this condition in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share Adapted Material.\n\n          3. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, Adapted Material that restrict exercise of the rights granted under the Adapter's License You apply.\n\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\n\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\n\n     a.\tfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only;\n\n     b.\tif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material, including for purposes of Section 3(b); and\n\n     c.\tYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\n\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\n\n     a.\tUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\n\n     b.\tTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\n\n     c.\tThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\n\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\n\n     a.\tThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\n\n     b.\tWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\n\n          1.\tautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\n\n          2.\tupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\n\n     For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\n\n     c.\tFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\n\n     d.\tSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\n\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\n\n     a.\tThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\n\n     b.\tAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\n\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\n\n     a.\tFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\n\n     b.\tTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\n\n     c.\tNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\n\n     d.\tNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.\n\nCreative Commons is not a party to its public licenses. Notwithstanding, Creative Commons may elect to apply one of its public licenses to material it publishes and in those instances will be considered the “Licensor.” Except for the limited purpose of indicating that material is shared under a Creative Commons public license or as otherwise permitted by the Creative Commons policies published at creativecommons.org/policies, Creative Commons does not authorize the use of the trademark “Creative Commons” or any other trademark or logo of Creative Commons without its prior written consent including, without limitation, in connection with any unauthorized modifications to any of its public licenses or any other arrangements, understandings, or agreements concerning use of licensed material. For the avoidance of doubt, this paragraph does not form part of the public licenses.\n\nCreative Commons may be contacted at creativecommons.org.\n",
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}

Acknowledgements

The LanguageDCAT-AP profile builds upon work carried out in the framework of various initiatives, the most notable of which is the Linked Data for Language Technology(LD4LT) W3C Community Group, and infrastructural projects (META-SHARE, CLARIN, CLARIN-EL, OpenMinTeD, European Language Grid), and has been consolidated in the Language Data Space. We would like to acknowledge all persons that have contributed to this work:

Victoria Arranz, Sophie Aubin, Richard Eckart de Castilho, Khalid Choukri, Philipp Cimiano, Miltos Deligiannis, Elina Desypri, Victor Rodriguez Doncel, Richard Eckart de Castilho, Gil Francopoulo, Francesca Frontini, Dimitris Galanis, Maria Gavriilidou, Maria Giagkou, Katerina Gkirtzou, Jorge Gracia, the LD4LT Community Group contributors, the META-SHARE metadata working group, Christianne Klaes, Petr Knoth, David Lindemann, Valerie Mapelli, John P. McCrae, Monica Monacchini, Claire Nedellec, Stelios Piperidis, Claudia Soria, Kossay Talmoudi, Marta Villegas, Leon Voukoutis.

We also gratefully acknowledge the guidance and feedback provided by the SEMIC group, and especially Pavlina Fragkou, Anastasia Sofou, Emidio Stani, and Ine Weyts, in our most recent endeavours.

Abstract

Introduction

Licence

Context

Terminology

Used prefixes

Overview

Main entities

Licence

Supportive entities

Datatypes

Controlled Vocabularies

Requirements for controlled vocabularies

Controlled vocabularies to be used

Support for implementation

JSON-LD context file

Validation

Profile in Turtle format

Examples

Acknowledgements